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- Christopher Columbus (44177 bytes)
1: ...ached the [[Americas]] on October 12th [[1492]] under the flag of [[Castile|Castilian]] [[Spain]]. He ...
2: ...Christopher_columbus_2.jpg|thumb|200px|Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip A...
3: ... time accepted that the earth was round. The main debate was over whether it would be possible to get ...
5: ...first voyage from all of these: less than two decades later, the existence of America was known to the...
7: Columbus landed in the [[Bahamas]] and later explored much of th... - Cartography (10500 bytes)
1: ...s into one of three main types; [[computer-aided design |CAD]], [[geographic information system | GIS...
7: ... map dates from the [[5th millennium BCE]]. The oldest maps emphasized topological relationships such ...
9: ...flooding of the [[Nile]] obscured the property borders.
11: ...rence of the earth to within 15 per cent of the modern-day accepted value.
13: ...le]] later provided arguments in support of this idea. Those arguments can be summarized as follows: - Alexandria (28378 bytes)
1: ...;كندرية''', [[transliteration|transliterated]] '''al-ʼIskandariyyah''') is...
3: ...ntry's capital was ended, and it fell into a long decline, which by the late [[Ottoman]] period had se...
5: ...|right|Alexandria's state-of-the-art [[library]], designed by [[Christoph Kapellar]], was inaugurated ...
16: * The modern city from [[1798]] (red).
19: ...in. Alexander's seers, and in particular [[Aristander of Telmessus]], interpreted this as an omen that... - United Arab Emirates (10825 bytes)
2: ...ween the British and some Arab [[sheikh]]s. It borders [[Oman]] and [[Saudi Arabia]].<!--
7: ...ackground: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
11: {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
15: ...h="165px" | <font size="-1">([[Flag of the UAE|In Detail]])</font>
32: ...on]]'''<br> - Total ([[2001]]) <br> - [[Density]] - Jordan (20715 bytes)
1: ...the coastlines of the [[Gulf of Aqaba]] and the [[Dead Sea]]. Jordan's main religion is [[Islam]] and ...
2: ...ackground: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
7: {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
11: ...ign="center" width="140px" | ([[Flag of Jordan|In Detail]])
12: ...ter" width="140px" | ([[Coat of Arms of Jordan|In Detail]]) - Israel (51605 bytes)
1: ...ba]] (also known as Gulf of [[Eilat]]), and the [[Dead Sea]].
16: government_type = [[Parliamentary democracy]] |
17: leader_titles = [[Prime Minister]]<br>[[President]] |
18: leader_names = [[Ariel Sharon]]<br>[[Moshe Katsav]] |
22: area_magnitude = 1 E10 | - Nepal (22444 bytes)
1: ...du]] [[kingdom]]. It is in South Asia, sharing borders with the [[People's Republic of China]] ([[Tibe...
2: ...ackground: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
6: {| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
10: | align=center width=150 | ([[Flag of Nepal|In Detail]])
14: ... गरियसि<br />(transliteration: Ja'nani Jan'mabhumis'hcha Swar'gadapi Gariya'si)... - Egyptian hieroglyph (6639 bytes)
1: ...age:Ancient_eygpt-1.jpg||thumb|250px|Clipart provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip A...
3: <!-- table moved to top to avoid dead space -->
8: ...al team excavating at [[Abydos, Egypt|Abydos]] (modern [[Umm el-Qa'ab]]) uncovered tomb U-j which belo...
10: ...sonants, [[logograph]]s, representing a word, and determinatives, which indicate the semantic category...
12: ... [[Rosetta Stone]] contains both hieroglyphic and demotic writing. - Isis (20790 bytes)
1: ...age:Ancient_eygpt-1.jpg|thumb||170px|Clipart provided by <br> [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom C...
3: '''Isis''' is a goddess in the [[Egyptian mythology|Egyptian belief]]. ...
5: .... [[mortal]], and she may simply have represented deified, real, [[Queen regnant|queen]]s.
7: ...f many other goddesses. It eventually spread outside [[Egypt]] throughout the [[Middle East]] and [[Eu...
12: ...uption by English speakers. The Ancient Greeks tended to add a terminal 's' at the end of foreign name... - Writing system (16928 bytes)
4: ...end upon prior knowledge of a given language in order to extract associated meaning.
6: ...d in some language, which can be retrieved independently of the initial act of formulation.
9: :* a set of defined base elements or [[symbol]]s (termed charact...
10: ...assign [[meaning]]s to the base elements, their ordering, and relations to one another;
12: ...ally visually, but tactile systems have also been devised). - Cuneiform script (7588 bytes)
6: ==Development==
7: ...tating counter-clockwise all of the pictograms 90° in the process), and a new wedge-tipped stylus ...
9: ...iform tablets could be fired in [[kiln]]s to provide a permanent record, or they could be recycled if ...
11: ...ssyria]]ns to write their own languages and was widely used in [[Mesopotamia]] for about 3000 years, t...
13: ...nese]], written in a [[Chinese language|Chinese]] derived script; some of these Sinograms were used as... - Sumerian language (10760 bytes)
14: ==Decipherment==
16: [[Henry Rawlinson]] (1810-1895) deciphered the [[cuneiform]] writing of Mesopotamia,...
18: Ernest de Sarzec (1832-1901) began excavating the Sumerian ...
22:
26: - Cambodia (32076 bytes)
9: ...French]] and [[English language|English]] often understood by educated classes |
12: government_type = [[Democracy|Democratic]] [[constitutional monarchy|const. monarc...
13: leader_titles = [[King of Cambodia|King]] <br> [[Prime ...
14: leader_names = [[Norodom Sihamoni]] <br> [[Hun Sen]] |
16: area_magnitude = 1 E11| - Bat (disambiguation) (977 bytes)
3: * The [[bat]], a flying mammal of the order Chiroptera.
4: ...at|cricket]], [[baseball bat|baseball]] and [[rounders]].
5: ...[[Bata (goddess)|Bata]]'', the name of a minor goddess in early [[Egyptian mythology]].
6: * ''[[Die Fledermaus|The Bat]]'', an operetta by [[Johann Strauss...
10: * [[Bat (roller coaster)|Bat]], a model of [[roller coaster]]. - List of mathematicians (37424 bytes)
1: ...|English]] [[alphabet]]ical [[transliteration]] order (by [[surname]]).
29: *[[Alexander Anderson (mathematician)|Alexander Anderson]] (Scotland, [[1582]] - [[1620]])
30: *[[Adolf Anderssen]] (Germany, [[1818]] - [[1879]])
36: *[[Archimedes]] (Syracuse, [[287 BC|287 B.C.]] - [[212 BC|212 ...
52: *[[Claude Gaspard Bachet de M麩riac]] (France, [[1581]] - [[1638]]) - Russia (28007 bytes)
2: ...ndonesia]], [[Brazil]], [[Pakistan]], and [[Bangladesh]].
4: ... Union]] Russia was called the [[Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic]] (RSFSR).
15: ...e and was quite prosperous, due to diversified trade with both Europe and Asia.
17: ...nd]]. The political dissolution of Kievan Rus divided the [[Russians |Russian people]] in the north fr...
19: ...y. Nevertheless it had to fight the Germanic crusaders who attempted to colonize the region. - Politics of Russia (78325 bytes)
2: ... strong presidency, was approved by referendum in December [[1993]].
4: ...dered alternatives. As the transition period extended into the mid-[[1990s]], the power of the nationa...
8: ...blics' constitutionally guaranteed "right" to secede from the union. Russia was the largest of the uni...
10: ... voicing), which made possible open discussion of democratic reforms and long-ignored public problems ...
12: ...ularly elected as president in June 1991, handily defeating five other candidates with more than 57 pe... - Islam (36809 bytes)
6: ... the word ''Islām'' and means one who "surrenders" or "submits" to God.
12: ...over the succession of authority after Muhammad's death; these are known as [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] , [[...
14: ... but God; Muhammad is the messenger of God." In order to become a Muslim, one needs to recite and beli...
26: ...life. God has given the free will to do and make decisions.)
29: ...ood and Evil are from God, and Resurrection after death be Truth. - Quran (41479 bytes)
2: ...le Qur'an" or "The Glorious Qur'ān," also [[Transliteration|transliterated]] as '''Quran''', '''Koran''', and...
6: ... believe they were revealed) but in a different order, roughly by size, also believed by Muslims to be...
8: == The Qur'an as divided for reading and recitation ==
10: ...into four quarters. A different structure is provided by the [[ruku'at]], semantical units resembling ...
14: ...at time. (The ''[[Mu'allaqat]]'', or ''Suspended Odes'', are believed by some to be examples of pre-Is... - Hinduism (49198 bytes)
6: ...th approximately 940 [[million]] followers worldwide, 96 percent of whom live in the [[Indian subconti...
11: :Transliteration: ''Ekam Sat Viprāha Bahudhā Vadanti''
15: ...not claim sole understanding of the one [[transcendental]] Truth.
17: ... the Hindu, this idea has been an active force in defining the 'Eternal Dharma.'[http://www.ramakrishn...
19: ...n [[Moksha]], the end of the cycle of rebirth and death.
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