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- Industrial Revolution (30001 bytes)
1: ...t of all-metal machine tools in the first two decades of the nineteenth century enabled the manufactur...
3: ...wth of the [[internal combustion engine]] and the development of [[Electric power|electrical power gen...
5: ...red to the [[Neolithic revolution]], when mankind developed [[agriculture]] and gave up its [[nomad|no...
10: ...he accompanying development of international [[trade]], creation of [[financial market]]s and accumula...
12: ...h often imposed tolls and [[tariff]]s on goods traded among them. - Woodworking (12397 bytes)
1: ...right|thumb|Artists can use woodworking to create delicate [[sculpture]]s.]]
7: ...y tied to the development of increasingly greater degrees of skill in working these materials.
9: ...f wooden animal statues from the [[Iron Age]]. Wooden [[idol]]s from the [[La Tene|La T讥]] period ar...
11: ...f_China#Ancient_history|Chinese]]. Woodworking is depicted in many ancient Egyptian drawings, and some...
13: ...after his death. This book is filled largely with descriptions of dimensions for use in building vario... - Brass instrument (5234 bytes)
3: ...e the [[cornett]], and [[woodwind instrument]]s made of brass, like the [[saxophone]].
6: (not necessarily made from brass)
23: * [[Ophicleide]]
41: ...e still played in [[authentic performance]]s of older music, and for some ceremonial functions.
51: [[Image:Kinkangakki_slide.png]] - Trombone (15819 bytes)
1: ...lide trombone, with slide extended.''<br>''This model has a B♭ to F attachment.'']]
6: The word ''trombone'' derives from [[Italian language|Italian]] ''tromba''...
9: ...bore) after the lead pipe and through the hand slide. The bore expands through the neck pipe and backb...
12: ...history). The sackbut was slightly smaller than modern trombones, and had a bell that was more conical...
14: ... band]]s, [[Military band]]s, [[brass band]]s, [[:de:Posaunenchor|brass choir]]s, etc. It can be part ... - Trumpet (13239 bytes)
6: ...l, before the flare for the bell begins. (Careful design of these tapers is critical to the [[tuning|i...
8: ... sound and the ease with which it can be played. Deeper cupped mothpieces are best suited for expansi...
11: ...]] or ''cornetto'' (not to be confused with the modern cornet), and the [[Scandinavia]]n [[lur]].
16: ...make well-known the term ''[[double high C]]'' to describe the next octave above high C. Trumpeters w...
19: ...urice Andre]], [[Wynton Marsalis]] and [[Hakan Hardenberger]]. - Tuba (3116 bytes)
1: ...century]], when it largely replaced the [[ophicleide]].
17: ...are. Tubas come in both piston and rotary valve models.
19: ...ing and removing the need to constantly adjust slide positions. This does have the disadvantage of mak...
25: Notable jazz tubists include: - Printing press (12986 bytes)
1: ...utenberg]] in the 1450s. This event has been awarded number 1 of the Top 100 Greatest Events of the M...
3: ==Development of the printing press==
4: ...ssing sheets of paper into individually carved wooden blocks ([[xylography]]). It is believed that blo...
6: ...in [[Song China]] and facilitated more creative modes of printing. Nevertheless, movable type was neve...
8: ... Gutenberg refined the technique with the first widespread use of movable type, where the characters a... - James Watt (5070 bytes)
9: * [[1754]]: Learned the trade of mathematical-instrument making in [[London]] b...
11: ...f Course"'', comes upon the idea of a separate condensing chamber for the steam engine.
12: * [[1767]]: Surveyor of Forth and Clyde canal.
13: * [[1769]]: [[Patent]]ed separate condensing chamber for steam engine.
22: ...indicator to measure steam pressure in the [[cylinder]] throughout the working cycle of the engine, so... - Aviation (1454 bytes)
1: ...and the [[aircraft]] industry. [[Aircraft]], include fixed wing ([[airplane]]) and rotary wing ([[heli...
8: Civil aviation includes both [[scheduled air transport]] and [[general a...
21: * [[Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast]]
35: * [[Accidents and incidents in aviation]] - Timeline of invention (28171 bytes)
3: ...s ambiguity, the date of the first practical, fielded version of the invention is used here.
60: * [[Odometer]] : [[Ancient Rome|Rome]]: [[Archimedes]]?
66: ...ntury BC|200s BC]]: Compound [[pulley]]: [[Archimedes]]
74: * [[1st century]]: [[Rudder|Stern mounted rudder]] in [[History of China|China]]
83: * [[9th century|800s]]: [[Black powder|Gunpowder]] in [[History of China|China]] - Aviation history (39698 bytes)
3: ...[The Bible]]. Nevertheless, it exemplifies man's desire to fly.
5: ...rping the planes' wings ([[Wright brothers]]). Modern planes are controlled by [[computer]]s, which c...
15: ... also sketched designs for a helicopter, but this design would not have flown.
17: ... for powered flight until the [[gasoline]] engine designed by the Wright Brothers.
19: ...d understanding of the relationship between altitude and the atmosphere. - Windmill (7108 bytes)
1: ...dmills on the Greek Island of Myconos. Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clipar...
2: ...engines used to [[pump]] [[water]] on farms and modern [[wind turbine]]s for generating [[electricity]...
8: ...tury, apparently from technology gained by [[crusader]]s who came into contact with windmills in the M...
12: ...vast areas of North America, which were otherwise devoid of readily accessible water. They contribute...
14: ...d downward through a pole or rod to the pump cylinder below. - Aircraft (13315 bytes)
15: ... use a spinning rotor (a ''rotary wing'') to provide both lift and thrust. The abbreviation [[VTOL]] i...
18: ...n particular, these aircraft use a relatively low density gas such as [[helium]], [[hydrogen]] or heat...
24: Below, we describe classifications by design, propulsion and usage.
29: ====By design====
33: A first division by design among aircraft is between lighter-than-air, '... - Helicopter (20080 bytes)
1: ...b>fixed-wing aircraft</b>. The word helicopter is derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] words ''he...
3: ...] Company (USA) [[Robinson R44|R44]], a four seat development of the [[Robinson R22|R22]].]]
5: ...ject only to refuelling facilities and load/altitude limitations, a helicopter can travel to any locat...
9: ...ransportation, casualty evacuation (including [[MEDEVAC]], and [[search and rescue|air/sea/mountain re...
13: ...ry AD]] book in China that described some of the ideas in a rotary wing aircraft. - Boston, Massachusetts (36071 bytes)
9: founded = [[September 17]], [[1630]] |
11: ...Thomas Menino]] ([[United_States_Democratic_Party|Dem]]) |
18: density = 4,696.9|
25: ...tened from [[Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr.|Oliver Wendell Holmes]]' phrase ''The Hub of the Universe''), ...
27: ...has a population of approximately 5.8 million residents. [[Greater Boston]] is one of the top-ten larg... - Flagellum (8951 bytes)
4: ...milar, but are different in many details and considered non-homologous. [[Eukaryote|Eukaryotic]] flag...
8: ...ates with [[peptidoglycan]] layer, M ring is imbedded in the [[plasma membrane]], and the S ring is di...
18: ...te is random. The length of the run state is extended when the bacteria moves through a favorable grad...
24: ... (e.g., [[Carl Woese|Woese]]), or a just a highly-derived bacterium with heavy adaptation to [[extremo...
26: ...Both flagella consist of filaments extending outside of the cell, and rotate to propel the cell. - Centrifuge (2358 bytes)
5: == History and predecessors ==
7: ... (1707-1751) invented a whirling arm apparatus to determine drag.
9: ...ion rates for [[macromolecule]]s, allowed for the determination of their approximate
22: ... acceleration to match soil stresses in a scale model to those found in reality.
26: ... compare the experience to having a [[bomb]] explode nearby. - Woodwork (12397 bytes)
1: ...right|thumb|Artists can use woodworking to create delicate [[sculpture]]s.]]
7: ...y tied to the development of increasingly greater degrees of skill in working these materials.
9: ...f wooden animal statues from the [[Iron Age]]. Wooden [[idol]]s from the [[La Tene|La T讥]] period ar...
11: ...f_China#Ancient_history|Chinese]]. Woodworking is depicted in many ancient Egyptian drawings, and some...
13: ...after his death. This book is filled largely with descriptions of dimensions for use in building vario... - Lithography (5288 bytes)
2: ...ing a flat surface to create images. This article delves into the historical evolution of lithography,...
6: ... and water do not mix and has been pivotal in the democratization of art.
10: ...s Senefelder discovered lithography almost by accident while looking for a cost-effective way to publi...
22: ...effect, creating art that was accessible to a broader audience.
23: ==The Golden Age of Lithography== - Jet engine (22370 bytes)
1: ... the front of the engine (left of photo) prevents debris - or people - from being pulled into the engi...
4: ...ally ignited by flame in the eddy of a [[flame holder]], and burned as an atomized mixture. The [[comb...
6: ...(especially [[supersonic]] speeds) and high altitudes. On slower aircraft and those required to fly sh...
10: ...of peripheral fitted is dependent on the aircraft design application.
15: ...''', or simply '''jet''') engine, as subsequently developed, would become almost as revolutionary to a...
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