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- Mary I of Scotland (27810 bytes)
7: ...of Scots,''' was the ruler of [[Scotland]] from [[December 14]], [[1542]] – [[July 24]], [[1567]...
9: ...[[1516]] – [[1558]]), and whose reign coincided with that of Mary, Queen of Scots.
12: ...ames V of Scotland]] and his French wife, [[Marie de Guise]].
15: ...es of the royal house had gone extinct before the death of Mary's father.
17: ...Stuart during her time in France, and she and her descendants stuck with it.) - Relic (11473 bytes)
1: ...nd [[Hinduism]]. In some [[religious denomination|denominations]] of Christianity, a '''relic''' is an...
7: ...cited is the veneration of Polycarp's relics recorded in the Martyrdom of Polycarp (written 150-160 AD...
9: ...[[Caesar of Heisterbach]]. These miracle tales made relics much sought after during the Middle Ages. ...
15: ... the mystic potency belong to spirits, in varying degrees to the faithful, and to inanimate objects. T...
17: ..., the "idols" of our museums and archaeology, and destroying it accounts for some of the righteous rag... - Aristarchus (4292 bytes)
1: ...olemy]], until they were successfully revived and developed by [[Copernicus]] nearly 2000 years later.
7: ...[hypothesis]] of the heliocentric model. [[Archimedes]] wrote:
9: ...it appears, as a consequence of the assumptions made, that the universe is many times greater than the...
11: ...tly quite strong, as the following passage from [[Plutarch]] suggests (''On the Apparent Face in the Orb of ...
17: ...arth was 42,000 km in [[circumference]], he concluded that the Moon was 14,000 km in circumference. Th... - Isis (20790 bytes)
1: ...age:Ancient_eygpt-1.jpg|thumb||170px|Clipart provided by <br> [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom C...
3: '''Isis''' is a goddess in the [[Egyptian mythology|Egyptian belief]]. ...
5: .... [[mortal]], and she may simply have represented deified, real, [[Queen regnant|queen]]s.
7: ...f many other goddesses. It eventually spread outside [[Egypt]] throughout the [[Middle East]] and [[Eu...
12: ...uption by English speakers. The Ancient Greeks tended to add a terminal 's' at the end of foreign name... - Horus (19927 bytes)
1: ...age:Ancient_eygpt-1.jpg|thumb||170px|Clipart provided by <br> [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom C...
8: ...ed at [[Nekhen]] (city of the hawk), that became identified as Horus very early on.
10: ...said to be the father of these four ''children'', deifications of the jars, known as the [[Four sons o...
12: ...ragoge]]). The form of Djebauti eventually became depicted as an [[heron]], nethertheless continuing t...
17: ...ther side victorious, until eventually the gods sided with Horus. - Biography (6028 bytes)
1: ...ducation, work, relationships and death. It also delves into the emotions of experiencing such events...
8: ...of some of the earliest biographies in existence, detailing the lives of [[chief]]s, [[kings]], [[trib...
12: ...abilia'' by [[Xenophon]], ''Parallel Lives'' by [[Plutarch]] and ''Lives of Caesars'' by [[Suetonius]]. Dur...
16: ...]s used this historic period to write the first modern biographies. Their subjects were usually restr...
20: == Modern forms == - Aeschines (2644 bytes)
5: ...ify the terms of peace led to his accusation by [[Demosthenes]] and [[Timarchus]] on a charge of high ...
7: ...ylagorae'') in the [[Amphictyon]]ic Council, he made a speech which brought about the [[Sacred War]].
9: ...he Crown''. The result was a complete victory for Demosthenes.
11: ... he called the Nine Muses; the twelve published under his name (Hercher, ''Epistolographi Graeci'') ar...
15: ...a Legations'' and ''In Ctesiphentem''; Lives by [[Plutarch]], [[Philostratus]] and [[Libanius]]; the ''Exege... - Alcibiades (7778 bytes)
1: [[Image:Alcibiades.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Alcibiades]]
2: '''Alcibiades Cleiniou Scambonides''' ([[ancient Greek]]: <small>ΑΛΚ...
4: ...born in [[Athens]], the son of [[Cleinias]] and [[Deinomache]], who belonged to the family of the [[Al...
5: ...s a near relative of [[Pericles]], who, after the death of Cleinias at the [[Battle of Coronea (447 BC...
6: Thus early deprived of his father's control, possessed of great... - Alexander of Pherae (1959 bytes)
1: '''Alexander''', tagus or [[despotism|despot]] of [[Pherae]] in [[Thessaly]], ruled from [...
3: ...phalae]] by the Thebans, although the victory was dearly bought by the loss of Pelopidas, who fell in ...
5: ... ''Life of Pelopidas,'' agree in describing Alexander as a cruel and suspicious tyrant:
7: ...ld not be permitted to disgrace the name of Alexander), as he watched a tragic actor, felt himself muc...
8: ...h;Plutarch, ''Moralia:'' "On the Fortune of Alexander." - Alexander the Great (42049 bytes)
2: ...erTheGreat_Bust.jpg|thumb|right|[[Bust]] of Alexander III in the [[British Museum]].]]
4: ... as the [[Middle-Persian]] literature as '''Alexander the Cursed''' due to his burning of the Persian ...
6: ...ady during his lifetime, and especially after his death, his exploits inspired a literary tradition in...
9: ...[Aristotle]] was Alexander's tutor; he gave Alexander a thorough training in rhetoric and literature a...
11: ...racles]] through [[Caranus]] and his mother descended from [[Aeacus]] through [[Neoptolemus]] and [[Ac... - Alexis (1054 bytes)
5: [[Plutarch]] says that he lived to the age of 106, and that ...
7: ...ctate]] on Comedy more plausibly states that Menander was his pupil. Alexis was known in [[Ancient Ro... - Anaxarchus (1184 bytes)
1: ...of [[Democritus]], was born at [[Abdera, Thrace|Abdera]] in [[Thrace]].
3: ...s Laertius]] (Lives 9.10.2), in response to Alexander's claim to have been the son of Zeus-Ammon, Anax...
5: ...[[Callisthenes]], he advised all to worship Alexander as a god even during his lifetime, is with great...
7: ...tar, and that he endured this torture with fortitude and [[Cicero]] relates the same story. - Pyrrhus of Epirus (7425 bytes)
1: ...61;ος'' - "the color of fire", "red-blonde", Latin ''Pyrrhus'') - the Molossian king from ca...
5: ... his former ally, Demetrius. By [[286 BC]] he had deposed his former brother-in-law and took control o...
7: ...an attack and certain defeat. Rome had already made itself into a major power, and poised to subdue a...
11: ... carving out an empire for himself in Italy. He made an alliance with [[Ptolemy Ceraunus]], King of Ma...
15: ...ulties were high, this battle is not usually considered a "pyrrhic" victory. Several tribes (the [[Luc... - Aristotle (37648 bytes)
4: ...osopher]]. Along with [[Plato]], he is often considered to be one of the two most influential philosop...
8: ...dialogue ''[[Phaedrus (Plato)|Phaedrus]]''. His ideas are therefore known to us only indirectly, thro...
10: ...can be called, with qualification, an [[idealism|idealist]] and a [[rationalism|rationalist]].
12: ...cs'', ''[[Nicomachean Ethics]]'', ''Politics'', ''De Anima (On the Soul)'' and ''[[Poetics]]''.
14: ...hology]], [[rhetoric]] and [[theology]]. He also dealt with [[education]], foreign customs, [[literat... - Nicolaus Copernicus (26283 bytes)
3: ...ntal starting point of modern [[astronomy]] and modern science itself, (it inaugurated the [[scientifi...
7: ...cus_00125w.jpg||thumb|250px|Copernicus Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip A...
8: ...raised him and his three other siblings after the death of Copernicus' father. His brother Andrew beca...
10: ... him, as his books (stolen by Swedes during [[The Deluge]], and now in [[Uppsala]]'s library) show. Af...
12: ... together with Domenico Novara, are recorded in ''De revolutionibus orbium coelestium''. - Carthage (20744 bytes)
1: ...n Sea]], showing the location of Carthage (near modern [[Tunis]]). The map also shows [[Italy]] and th...
3: ...de of [[Lake Tunis]], across from the center of modern [[Tunis]] in [[Tunisia]]. It remains a popular ...
6: ...-god [[Melqart]]. Traditionally, the city was founded by [[Dido]], and a number of foundation myths ha...
8: ...as far as [[Sierra Leone]]. Meanwhile, under a leader named Malchus, the city began a systematic conqu...
10: ...h African coast from modern [[Morocco]] to the borders of [[Egypt]]. Its influence had also spread int... - Archimedes (13735 bytes)
1: ...etribution.) Some math historians consider Archimedes to be one of history's greatest mathematicians, ...
4: ...ented the [[irrigation]] device known as [[Archimedes' screw]].
6: ...inst the invading Romans was the [[claw of Archimedes]].
8: ...wooden ship with a variety of mirrors, they concluded that the enemy ships would have had to be virtua...
10: Archimedes was killed in Syracuse by a Roman soldier in 212... - Roman Empire (59037 bytes)
3: ...ugustus, the pre-Augustan state is conventionally described as the [[Roman Republic]], since the struc...
5: ...s traditionally set in [[476]], when [[Odovacar]] deposed the last Emperor and sent the Imperial insig...
7: ...various semantic periods or eras. Such names include [[Byzantine Empire]], [[Eastern Roman Empire]] an...
9: ...r") imperial power showed its naked face, with golden crowns and ornate imperial ritual. We now know t...
14: ===Political Developments=== - Ancient Olympic Games (9077 bytes)
8: ...eity [[Zeus]] had instated the festival after his defeat of the [[titan (mythology)|Titan]] [[Cronus]]...
10: ...ds. The [[Sparta]]n adversary of Iphitos then decided to stop the war during these games, which were c...
12: ...ed. Pelops married the princess but not before murdering Myrtilus, whose curse later resulted in the f...
18: ...ympia, Greece, a sanctuary site for the [[List of deities|Greek gods]] near the towns of Elis and [[Pi...
19: ...]]. This statue was one of the ancient [[Seven Wonders of the World]]. - Julius Caesar (50670 bytes)
2: ...ntroducing Roman influence into what has become modern [[France]], an accomplishment whose direct cons...
4: ...lic]] and the beginning of the [[Roman Empire]] under Caesar's grand-nephew and adopted son, [[Caesar ...
6: ...rded by later historians such as [[Suetonius]], [[Plutarch]], and [[Dio Cassius|Cassius Dio]].
9: ... who according to myth was the son of [[Venus (goddess)|Venus]]. Caesar was raised in the Subura, a lo...
15: ...7;s proscription said, "He whose life you so much desire will one day be the overthrow of the part of ...
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