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- Periodic table (7298 bytes)
1: ...chemical element]]s. First created by [[Dmitri Mendeleev]], the elements are arranged by [[electron]] ...
3: ...s for displaying the chemical elements]] for more details or different perspectives.
9: ... The IUPAC scheme was developed to replace both older Roman numeral systems as they confusingly used t...
15: ... (standard)|standard table]] (same as above) provides the basics.
17: *The [[Periodic table (big)|big table]] provides the basics plus full element names. - List of elements by symbol (14812 bytes)
58: <tr><td>Md</td><td>[[mendelevium]]</td><td>101</td><td></td></tr>
61: <tr><td>Mo</td><td>[[molybdenum]]</td><td>42</td><td></td></tr>
127: ...time to an isotope of [[radon]] identified in the decay chain of [[actinium]].</td></tr>
133: .../td><td>[[didymium]]</td><td>-</td><td>Rare earth metal that proved to be a mixture of the elements [[pra...
134: ...td><td>[[decipium]]</td><td>62</td><td>Rare earth metal that proved to be a mixture primarily of [[samari... - Middle Colonies (4101 bytes)
1: ...and sometimes [[Maryland]]. Today these areas are described as the [[Mid-Atlantic States]]. The middl...
3: ...ortraits painted. Homes in the country could be made of logs and chinked with moss or mud.
5: ...amily drank [[milk]] and [[whiskey]], which was made out of corn, rye, wheat, and barley. The whiskey...
7: ...rnut tree bark; red came from the roots of the madder herb; brown came from the hulls of black walnuts...
9: ...inting and publishing were also very important trades. - Industrial Revolution (30001 bytes)
1: ...t of all-metal machine tools in the first two decades of the nineteenth century enabled the manufactur...
3: ...wth of the [[internal combustion engine]] and the development of [[Electric power|electrical power gen...
5: ...red to the [[Neolithic revolution]], when mankind developed [[agriculture]] and gave up its [[nomad|no...
10: ...he accompanying development of international [[trade]], creation of [[financial market]]s and accumula...
12: ...h often imposed tolls and [[tariff]]s on goods traded among them. - Steel (28384 bytes)
3: ...iron, but is also more [[brittle]]. One classical definition is that steels are iron-carbon alloys wit...
5: ... [[plasticity (physics)|plastically]] formed (pounded, rolled, etc.).
8: ...cess, known as [[smelting]], was first applied to metals with lower [[melting]] points. [[Copper]] melt a...
11: ...similarly soft and metallic but can dissolve considerably more carbon (as much as 2.04 wt% carbon at 1...
13: ...ry similar unit cell structure to austenite, and identical chemical composition. As such, it requires... - Catherine de' Medici (7484 bytes)
1: ...horoscope_catherine_de_medici.jpg|thumb|Catherine de' Medici]]
3: ...r lived in [[France]] under the name '''Catherine de M餩cis''', was Queen of France as the wife of Ki...
5: ...t [[Marseilles]], to the duke of Orl顮s, whose elder brother was alive at the time, but who would bec...
11: ...il 1]], [[1560]] she named as chancellor [[Michel de l'H?al]], who advocated a policy of conciliation.
13: ...rset]], with laces and stays made of whalebone or metal. They forcefully shrank women's waists from their... - Bonnie and Clyde (17385 bytes)
2: ...ge:Bonnie_and_Clyde.jpg|thumb|200px|Bonnie and Clyde clowning.]]
3: ... the [[central United States]] during the [[Great Depression]], often with various members of the [[Ba...
5: ...he attention of the [[American]] press and its readership during what is sometimes referred to as the ...
11: ...personal account of their crime spree and looming demise.
13: == Clyde == - Nadia Comaneci (5337 bytes)
3: ... of 10 in an Olympic gymnastic event. She is considered by some to be one of the greatest athletes in ...
5: ... and Stefania-Alexandrina; she was named after "Nadezhda" ("Hope"), the heroine of a Russian film.
7: ...ela Karolyi]] and his wife Marta, who would later defect to the [[United States]] and become coaches o...
11: Comaneci successfully defended her European all-around title in 1977, but the R...
13: ...t from her metal grip buckle. Against doctors' orders, she left the hospital and competed on beam whe... - Actinium (7046 bytes)
2: {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right...
5: {| align="center" border="0"
20: | [[Chemical series]] || [[Actinide]]s
25: | [[Density]], [[Mohs hardness scale|Hardness]]
39: | [[van der Waals radius]] || n/a pm - Beehive (beekeeping) (7741 bytes)
5: ...e modern 'movable-frame' hives. Harvest generally destroyed the hives, though there were some adaptati...
7: ...ided more [[beeswax]] but far less honey than a modern hive.
9: ...be inspected for disease or [[parasite]]s without destruction of the honeycomb and usually the colony....
14: ...but more often stacked in rows to provide some shade, at least for those not on top. Keepers could smo...
17: In northern and western [[Europe]], baskets made of coils of [[Poaceae|grass]] or straw, called sk... - Ceramics (15941 bytes)
7: ...rthenware and porcelain to decorative tiles and modern sculptures, reflecting both functional and aest...
10: ...cement, leading to more uniform and sophisticated designs.
17: *Hand-Building: This includes pinching, coiling, and slab building. It's one o...
19: ...is popular for making bowls, vases, and other rounded forms.
21: ... making it easier to produce multiple copies of a design. - Mosaic (6524 bytes)
3: ...thumb|150px|Detail of mosaic from [[Herculaneum]] depicting [[Amphitrite]]]]
7: ...ly 12th-century [[Kiev]]an mosaic depicting [[St. Demetrius]].]]
12: ...') or of colored glass or clear glass backed with metal foils, are used to create a pattern or picture.
16: ...ed across the ancient world for domestic interior decoration. Mosaics of the [[4th century BC]] are fo...
18: ...co di Venezia|St Mark's]]. In Western Europe, the demanding techniques of fresco replaced the even mor... - Pottery (17136 bytes)
2: ... [[clay]]s are shaped and dried, then fired to harden them and make them waterproof. Unglazed pottery...
4: ...s of years old but also takes advantage of more modern innovations in the fields of chemistry and elec...
8: ... and date the stratum, by the formation style and decoration. The relative chronologies based on pott...
19: ...symmetry, so that it does not move from side to side as the wheel head rotates is referred to as "cent...
21: ...f the foot of the pot to create a smooth and well-defined surface. - Sculpture (5545 bytes)
3: ...gh arrangement and juxtaposition or by the simple designation of an object or even an act as sculpture...
5: ...man hands or by nature. A figure or person can be described as ''sculpturesque'' if it shares qualitie...
21: ** [[jade]]
27: * [[metal]]
37: ...even proposed that some day sculptures might be made of gases; see [[gas sculpture]]. - Engraving (3556 bytes)
1: ... [[silver]] or [[gold]] are engraved, or may provide an [[intaglio (printmaking)|intaglio]] plate, whe...
5: ... create bright cuts, as well as other hard-to-cut metals such as nickel and steel. Burins are either squ...
11: ...illennium B.C. The majority of so-called engraved designs on ancient gold rings or other items were pr...
15: ...ries, and/or used when a more "elegant" design is desired and a limited color range is acceptable.
17: ==Modern engraving== - Glass (26176 bytes)
1: The materials definition of a '''glass''' is a uniform [[amorphous...
3: ...ed the word ''glaes'' to describe [[amber]], recorded by [[Roman Empire|Roman]] historians as ''glaesu...
5: ...glasses in common use as a building, container or decorative material.
9: ...d with very smooth and impervious surfaces. These desirable properties lead to a great many uses of gl...
13: ...ommon glass''' is mostly amorphous [[silicon dioxide]] ([[Silicon|Si]][[Oxygen|O]]<sub>2</sub>), which... - Heraldry (23465 bytes)
1: ...r [[jousting|jousts]] and to describe the various devices they carried or [[paint]]ed on their [[shiel...
3: ...ster. Dexter ("right" in [[Latin]]) is the left side of the shield, and sinister ("left") is the right...
5: ...he shield is immaterial and different artists can depict the same coat of arms on many different shape...
7: ...use bold, vivid colours rather than [[pastel]] shades.
9: ...plete depiction of a coat-of-arms, the crest is a design affixed to the [[helmet]]. Crests can also be... - Manuscript (5266 bytes)
1: ...uced some other way. Information may be hand-recorded in other ways than in manuscripts, as [[inscript...
3: ...ither the leaves nor paper were as durable as the metal document in the hot, humid climate. In [[Italy]] ...
8: ...oll]]s (''volumen'' in Latin) or [[book]]s (''[[codex]], codices''). Manuscripts were produced on [[v...
10: ...ch making a single copy from an original that was declaimed aloud.
12: ... languages]], written on palm leaves, survived in desert burials in the [[Tarim Basin]] of Central Asi... - Calligraphy (20084 bytes)
2: ...ecorative [[writing]]. A style of calligraphy is described as a ''hand''.
4: ...d [[epigraphy]]. Epigraphy is a branch of the broader study of ancient handwriting in more general ter...
8: ...dating back to the earliest day of history, and widely practiced throughout [[China]] to this day. Alt...
10: ...34269;, all meaning "the way of writing") is considered an important art in [[East Asia]] and the most...
12: ...he Prime Minister [[Li Si]] drew up an official index of characters and unified the written form for t... - Printing (4400 bytes)
3: ...zlamywak.jpg|right|thumb|The [[folding machine|folder]] of newspaper web offset printing press]]
11: ...nvented by [[Pi Sheng]] in 1040. The movable type metal printing press was invented in Korea between [[12...
13: ... design of his machine on a wine press, Gutenberg developed the use of raised and movable type and fro...
15: ...7 printers by 1500. In 1476, a printing press was developed in England by [[William Caxton]]; in 1539,...
18: ...efelder]] discovered [[lithography]]. [[Blake]] made relief etchings. Early in the [[nineteenth centur...
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