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- Violet (plant) (3474 bytes)
6: ..._classis_entry | taxon = [[Dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]}}
29: ...temporarily desensitises the [[olfactory receptor neuron|receptors]] in the nose; sniff all you like, you ...
33: ...ksii'', first collected by [[Joseph Banks]] and [[Daniel Solander]] on the [[James Cook|Cook]] voyage ...
38: * [http://www.itis.usda.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&... - Nervous system (3163 bytes)
7: *[[Neuron]]s are the primary cells of the nervous system
8: *[[Glia]] are secondary cells involved in nourishment and structural su...
11: *Within neuronal [[nerve fiber]]s by way of [[action potential]]...
12: *Between neurons by way of [[neurotransmitter]] [[diffusion]] acr...
15: ...cord]]. The PNS consists of all other nerves and neurons that do not lie within the CNS. The large major... - Brain (22060 bytes)
5: ...r vertebrate brains have over one hundred billion neurons. The [[human brain]] is particularly complex and...
11: ...provide more surface area for a greater number of neurons while keeping the volume of the brain compact en...
14: ... brain, is another major cause of death and brain damage.
16: ...]], are caused by the gradual death of individual neurons leading to decrements in movement control, memor...
25: ... circuits, but a network of vastly interconnected neurons that are constantly changing their connectivity ... - Retina (13061 bytes)
5: ...ignals then undergo complex processing by other [[neuron]]s of the retina, and are transformed into [[acti...
7: [[George Wald]], [[Haldan Keffer Hartline]] and [[Ragnar Granit]] won the ...
14: ...pagated to the amacrine and ganglion cells. These neurons ultimately may produce action potentials on thei...
25: ...ones and rods. The excitation is processed by the neuronal system and various parts of the brain working i...
27: ... very poorly lit conditions and saturate in broad daylight, while cones are not sensitive enough to wo... - Nose (3059 bytes)
6: ...s carried by the air contact [[olfactory receptor neuron]]s which transduce the features of the molecule i...
10: ...ose and [[maxilla]], is known to doctors as the [[danger triangle of the face]]. - Adrenal gland (7544 bytes)
11: ...eural crest]] and, as such, are simply modified [[neuron]]s. In particular, they are [[postganglionic cell...
13: ...to [[stressor]]s such as [[exercise]] or imminent danger, medullary cells release catecholamines into ...
18: ...aldosterone]] and [[cortisol]]. It is also a secondary site of [[androgen]] synthesis.
54: ...rowth]], and aid in the development of the [[secondary sexual characteristics]]. - Pineal gland (4403 bytes)
11: ...ascular phagocyte, pineal neurons and peptidergic neuron-like cells.
17: ...of melatonin by the pineal gland is stimulated by darkness and inhibited by light. Light can be detect... - Nerve (2497 bytes)
1: ...ugh this term is technically imprecise since many neurons do not form nerves.
4: ...es, which begin typically in the cell body of a [[neuron]] and propagate rapidly down the axon to its tip ...
5: ...nals cross over from the terminus to the adjacent neuron through a gap called the [[synapse]].
13: ...he nerve receives input, not just the site of the damage. - Cilium (3845 bytes)
10: ...e cilium. The terminal fiber of the [[olfactory]] neuron is also a non-motile cilium, where the odorant re... - Mitochondrion (10103 bytes)
9: ...e spectrum, the mitochondria can resemble the standard sausage-shaped organelle pictured to the right,...
11: ... encloses the organelle, serving as its outer boundary. The inner mitochondrial membrane is thrown int...
16: ...ion]] of [[epinephrine]] (adrenaline), the [[degradation]] of [[tryptophan]], and the elongation of [[...
29: * [[Glutamate]]-mediated excitotoxic [[neuron|neuronal]] injury
51: ...ductase]], [[Cytochrome_c_oxidase|cytochrome c oxidase]]) that perform the transfer use the released e... - Electricity (13894 bytes)
1: .... Electricity gives rise to one of the four [[fundamental force]]s of nature, and is a conserved prop...
8: ..., dated to about [[250 BCE]] and called the [[Baghdad Battery]], resembles an electrochemical cell and...
10: ...modern Latin word ''electricus'' from ''ηλεκτρον'' (''elek...
12: ...and theories through the famous, though extremely dangerous, [[experiment]] of flying a [[Kite flying|...
16: ...Ampere, and Ohm is honored by society, in that fundamental units of electrical measurement are named a... - Axon (1894 bytes)
1: ...ion potential|electrical impulses]] away from the neuron's [[cell body]] or soma. Axons are in effect the ...
3: ... [[Schwann cell]]s ensheathing [[PNS|peripheral]] neurons and [[oligodendrocyte]]s insulating those of the...
5: The axons of some neurons branch to form [[axon collateral]]s, along which... - Sense (11343 bytes)
21: ... neuron]]s in the [[nose]] differ from most other neurons in that they die and regenerate on a regular bas...
25: ...]] [[2004]]) was won by [[Richard Axel]] and [[Linda Buck]] for their work explaining olfaction, publi...
39: ...entified. Additionally, there are some other candidate physiological experiences which may or may not ...
66: * [[Multimodal integration]] - Spinal cord (4562 bytes)
2: ...s through the [[spinal canal]]). It consists of [[neuron|nerve cells]]. The cord conveys the 31 [[spinal n...
7: ...bar vertebra]]), where it terminates and the [[cauda equina]] begin - this is why [[lumbar puncture]]s...
16: ... the spinal cord carries sensory information. The neurons that bring somatosensory information to the spin...
18: ...of the grey matter. There are two main columns of neurons in the anterior horn, the ''medial'' and ''later...
22: ... tissue, the '''''filum terminale''''' extends caudally and attaches to the dorsal surface of the firs... - Central nervous system (2227 bytes)
2: ...] respectively. This collection of billions of [[neuron]]s is arguably the most complex object known.
4: ...while spinal extensions of central nervous system neuron pathways affect [[skeletal muscle]]s and [[organ ...
19: *** [[amygdala]]
21: **** [[caudate nucleus]] - Cell cycle (2937 bytes)
13: ...l [[cell division|division]] of the cell into two daughter cells.
15: ...so-called "checkpoints", monitor the cell for DNA damage and failure to perform critical processes.
18: ...damaged gene progresses into a cancerous state. Today, defects in p53 are associated with a variety of...
20: ... phase''']]. However, recent data has shown that neurons undergoing cell death re-enter the cell cycle. A... - Cortex (862 bytes)
3: ...outermost layer of the [[brain]]. It is rich in [[neuron]]s and is the site of most sophisticated neural p... - Octopus (12952 bytes)
9: ...ority | author = [[William Elford Leach|Leach]] | date = [[1818]]}}
15: ...lopod]] of the [[order (biology)|order]] '''Octopoda''' that inhabits many diverse regions of the [[oc...
17: ...are fleeing from [[moray eel|moray]]s or other predating fish. The octopuses in the less familiar [[Ci...
19: ... changing ability to accurately mimic other, more dangerous animals such as [[lionfish]] and [[eel]]s....
21: ...he young don't go through this period). This is a dangerous time for the larval octopuses, however, as... - Puffer (5495 bytes)
5: {{Taxobox_phylum_entry | taxon = [[Chordate|Chordata]]}}
9: {{Taxobox_familia_entry | taxon = '''Tetraodontidae'''}}
41: ...wallowing water or air when threatened; the same adaptation is found in the closely related [[porcupin...
45: ...re 185 known [[species]] of the family Tetraodontidae, of which 38 can be found in Japan. They can be...
47: ...nal organs, making them a lethal meal for most predators. It is found mainly in the [[ovary|ovaries]]... - Muscle (12774 bytes)
29: ...ted by the [[nerve]]s, the motor nerves and [[motoneuron]]s in particular. All skeletal muscle and many s...
39: ..., feedback loops such as that of the [[extrapyramidal system]] contribute signals to influence muscle ...
79: ...e ability to exert a force on an external object—for example, lifting a weight. By this definiti...
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