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In J. R. R. Tolkien's fictional universe of Middle-earth, Rúmil was a Loremaster of the Ñoldor living in the city of Tirion. The origin of his name is not clear, possibly deriving from the stem rum, a secret.
Rúmil was the first Elf who invented writing: he invented the alphabet called Sarati (each letter being a Sarat). This alphabet was later expanded and perfected by Fëanor as the Tengwar.
Rúmil was also a skilled linguist, and when the Teleri finally arrived in Valinor he was first to discover just how the Telerin language had changed from Common Eldarin compared to Quenya.
Rúmil was one of the Ñoldor who refused the summons of Fëanor, and he remained in Tirion as one of the Ñoldor of Finarfin, where he presumably remains still.
In the History of Middle-earth series, Rúmil is additionally given as the original author of much of the work which is included in The Silmarillion: the Ainulindalë, Valaquenta and Annals of Aman are by his hand. He is also given as the author of the Lhammas and Lhammasethen, as well as the Ambarkanta.
Non-canonical material in War of the Jewels attributes to him a collection of sayings called i Equessi Rumilo.
Pengolodh of Gondolin later continued and completed much of his work.
A very much later Rúmil, brother of Haldir, was a Silvan Elf of Lórien.