Quantum brain dynamics
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In neuroscience, quantum brain dynamics (QBD) is a proposed theory to explain the function of the brain with quantum mechanics. Although there are many blank areas in understanding the brain dynamics and especially how it gives rise to conscious experience it should be noted that quantum mechanics is only believed to be capable of explaining the enigma of consciousness and currently there is no experimental verification. Following the Popperian criterion for demarcation between science and pseudoscience, QBD seems dangerously close to pseudoscience if there were not the testable prediction for consciousness linked to picosecond protein dynamics.
Jibu & Yasue (1995) were the first researchers that tried to popularize the quantum field theory of Nambu-Goldstone bosons as the one and only reliable quantum theory of fundamental macroscopic dynamics realized in the brain with which a deeper understanding of consciousness can be obtained. This theory was originated by Ricciardi & Umezawa (1967) in a general framework of the spontaneous symmetry breaking formalism, and since then developed into a quantum field theoretical framework of brain functioning called quantum brain dynamics (Jibu & Yasue 1992, 1995) and that of general biological cell functioning called quantum biodynamics (Del Giudice et. al., 1989). There, Umezawa proposed a general theory of quanta of long-range coherent waves within and between brain cells, and showed an outstanding mechanism of memory storage and retrieval in terms of Nambu-Goldstone bosons characteristic to the spontaneous symmetry breaking formalism.
In their last publication in 1997, Jibu & Yasue proposed that the Bose-Einstein condensation of tunneling photons could be pumped with energy process ensuring dynamical timescale of the brain coherent states above the timescale of thermal fluctuations (so-called dissipative QBD).