Peter Stuyvesant
|
|
Petrus Stuyvesant (born 1612, in Peperga (Friesland), died 1672) served as the last Dutch director general of the colony of New Netherland before it was turned over to the English. He was a major figure in the early history of New York City.
Stuyvesant's accomplishment as director-general included a great expansion for the settlement of New Amsterdam (later renamed New York) beyond the southern tip of Manhattan. Among the projects built by Stuyvesant's administration were the protective wall on Wall Street, the canal which became Broad Street, and Broadway.
Stuyvesant and his family were large land owners in the northeastern portion of New Amsterdam, and the Stuyvesant name is currently associated with the Stuyvesant Town housing complex and Stuyvesant High School (where he is fondly known as "Pegleg Pete" and the football team is called the Peglegs in his honor), among other locations. This farm, called the "Bouwerie" (the seventeenth-century Dutch word for farm, which was used for other farms in New Netherland as well) is the origin of the name Bowery and the chapel facing its long approach road (now Stuyvesant Street) developed into St Mark's in the Bowery. Stuyvesant's grand official residence at the very tip of Manhattan was renamed "Whitehall" by the English and survives in another New York street name.
As director-general Stuyvesant and his council took several measures concerning religion in New Netherland. Convinced that religious plurality would endanger the stability of the young colonial society, director general and council tried to restrict freedom of worship of several groups among the colonists, such as Jews, Lutherans, and Quakers. The directors of the West India Company of Amsterdam, Stuyvesant's superiors, overruled him, and mitigated some of the harsh measures that Director General and Council had taken. It is with great irony that in 1902 Stuyvesant High School in Manhattan, which was at the time of its founding a predominantly Jewish school for boys, was named after him.
Prior to his appointment as director-general, Stuyvesant served as a director for the Dutch West India Company in charge of the so-called 'abc islands' of Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao. He lost his leg in a battle with the Spanish over the island of Sint Maarten and wore a pegleg for most of his adult life.
Stuyvesant is credited with introducing tea to the United States.
A Dutch cigarette brand is named Peter Stuyvesant after him. These are popular in Australia and South Africa, where they are known as 'Stuyvos' and 'Stuyvies' respectively.de:Peter Stuyvesant fr:Peter Stuyvesant nl:Peter Stuyvesant pl:Peter Stuyvesant