Participation (decision making)
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Participation in political science and theory of management is an umbrella term including different means for the public to directly participate in political, economical or management decisions.
For well-informed participation to occur, some version of transparency, e.g. radical transparency, is necessary, but not sufficient.
In Sherry Arnstein's article A Ladder of Citizen Participation she discusses types of participation and "nonparticipation" which she grades from Manipulation (least citizen participation) to Citizen Control (most citizen participation).
See also
- Decision making
- Direct democracy
- Election
- Initiative
- Participatory democracy
- Participatory economics
- Referendum
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External Links
- A Ladder of Citizen Participation - Sherry R Arnstein (http://lithgow-schmidt.dk/sherry-arnstein/ladder-of-citizen-participation.html)