Osroene
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Osroene (also: Osrohene, Osrhoene) (Syriac: ܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܥܣܪܐ ܥܝܢܶܐ), also known by the name of its capital city, Edessa (modern Sanli Urfa, in Syriac: ܐܘܪܗܝ), was one of several kingdoms arising from the dissolution of the Seleucid Empire. The Syriac kingdom occupied an area on what is now the border between Syria and Turkey.
It was in this region that the "legend of Abgar" originated, for which see Abgarus of Edessa.
Osroene was absorbed into the Roman Empire in 114 as a semi-autonomous vassal state, then incorporated as a province in 214.
Rulers of Osroene
- Aryu (132 - 127 BC)
- Abdu bar Maz'ur (127 - 120 BC)
- Fradhasht bar Gebar'u (120 - 115 BC)
- Bakru I bar Fradhasht (115 - 112 BC)
- Bakru II bar Bakru (112 - 94 BC)
- Ma'nu I (94 BC)
- Abgar I Piqa (94 - 68 BC)
- Abgar II bar Abgar (68 - 52 BC)
- Ma'nu II (52 - 34 BC)
- Paqor (34 - 29 BC)
- Abgar III (29 - 26 BC)
- Abgar IV Sumaqa (26 - 23 BC)
- Ma'nu III Saphul (23 - 4 BC)
- Abgar V Ukkama bar Ma'nu (Abgarus of Edessa) (4 BC - 7 AD)
- Ma'nu IV bar Ma'nu (7 - 13)
- Abgar V Ukkama bar Ma'nu (13 - 50)
- Ma'nu V bar Abgar (50 - 57)
- Ma'nu VI bar Abgar (57 - 71)
- Abgar VI bar Ma'nu (71 - 91)
- Sanatruk (91 - 109)
- Abgar VII bar Ezad (109 - 116)
- Roman interregnum 116 - 118
- Yalur (118 - 122, co-ruler with Parthamaspates)
- Parthamaspates (118 - 123)
- Ma'nu VII bar Ezad (123 - 139)
- Ma'nu VIII bar Ma'nu (139 - 163)
- Wa'il bar Sahru (163 - 165)
- Ma'nu VIII bar Ma'nu (165 - 167)
- Abgar VIII (167 - 177)
- Abgar IX (the great) (177 - 212)
- Abgar X Severus bar Ma'nu (212 - 214)