Oi
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"Oi" is a British working class slang word used to get someone's attention, or to express surprise or disapproval. It is not polite, but it is not especially offensive. It is not to be confused with the Yiddish exclamation of dismay or exasperation "oy" or "oy vey". However it may indeed be of Yiddish origin as other Yiddish words such as nosh and mish-mash have made their way in to the English language.
"Oi!" is also a Portuguese interjection used mainly in Brazil, which has the same meaning as "Hi!"
In Catalan, "Oi!" is an interjection used to call someone's attention. Etymologically, it is believed to either derive from Òc, the affirmative particle (i.e., yes) in Occitan, or to be a corruption of the word Noi (meaning boy). As in English, it is an informal, but not offensive, form of address.
Similarly, in Japanese, "Oi" can be used to get another person's attention, but its use is considered too casual for many situations, and potentially offensive in some.
"Oi!" is also the name given to a sub-genre of punk music that sought to align punk with a working-class "street level" following. It began in the latter part of 1977, fusing the styles of early punk bands such as the Clash and the Ramones with early British rock like the Rolling Stones and The Who, and was seen as promoting unity between punks and skinheads. Originally, the style was called "streetpunk" or "reality-punk"; it wasn't until the early 1980s that music journalist Garry Bushell labeled the movement "Oi!", supposedly derived from the Cockney Rejects song "Oi! Oi! Oi!".
The original Oi! bands included Cock Sparrer, the Cockney Rejects, Angelic Upstarts, Slaughter and the Dogs, Skrewdriver, The Lurkers, Anti-Nowhere League and Sham 69. They were followed by The Business, The Last Resort, The 4-Skins, Combat 84, Infa-Riot, The Blood, and others.
Because many skinheads were recruited by racist organizations such as the National Front, some histories of rock music dismiss all Oi! as racist. However, none of the original streetpunk bands were particularly racist. One possible exception is Skrewdriver. The band's early material is usually considered classic Oi!, but by the mid-1980s Skrewdriver was leading a small neo-Nazi rock scene, although apart from lead singer Ian Stuart Donaldson, the band had a different line up from that of the late 1970s. Their music was recognizably Oi!, but they sought to distance themselves from punk in general, preferring the term "R.A.C." ("Rock Against Communism" — a reaction to Rock Against Racism). Members of the earlier incarnation of Skrewdriver have stated that they do not wish to be associated with Donaldson's later version.
Oi! also became associated with right wing politics following the events of July 4 1981 at the Hamborough Tavern in Southall, London, when a concert by the bands the Business, the Last Resort and the 4-Skins was followed by violent clashes between the predominantly whites audience and the local Asian population. However it is worth recording that in the aftermath many Oi! bands were not slow to condemn racism in all its forms, as well as categorically denying any association with fascism.
At about this time, the Oi! movement began to lose momentum in the U.K., but Oi! scenes were forming elsewhere in Europe, Japan, and North America. In the United States, the Oi! phenomenon was mirrored by the Hardcore explosion of the early 1980s, especially by bands such as Black Flag, Iron Cross,and S.S. Decontrol. Although similar in spirit and influence to Oi! (particularly in the earlier stages), Hardcore expounded itself in a peculiarly American middle class (rather than working class) fashion as its influences spread. In the mid-1990s, a revival of interest in Oi! music began, with new bands emerging and older bands receiving more recognition. With this revival came a further concerted effort to distance Oi! from racism.
Recent Oi! bands include The Templars, Oxblood, The Wretched Ones, Those Unknown, The Lager Lads, The Unseen, Oxymoron and Hard Skin.
| Punk rock | Punk genres |
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| Anarcho-punk - Anti-folk - Crust punk - Gothic rock - Hardcore - Horror punk - New Wave - No Wave - Oi - Pop punk - Post-hardcore - Post punk - Riot grrrl - Ska punk - Death rock - Psychobilly - Two Tone |
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| DIY - Punk pioneers - First wave - Second wave - Punk cities - Punk movies - Skinhead - Skinhead films - Ska |