Northern indigenous peoples of Russia
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This list is based solely on territory; the peoples listed here do not belong to a single language family or ethnicity: they are Finno-Ugric, Turkic, Eskimo-Aleut, and other groups. Many of these groups are now extinct or almost so, or assimilated.
Many of these peoples live in Siberia, and their names here are transliterations from Cyrillic, rather than self-names. In some cases this creates difficulty in providing the plural form, because the Cyrillic letter Ц is transliterated as 'ts'. These cases are marked by the asterisk (*).
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Small indegenous peoples of Russian North, Siberia and Far East
The following 40 peoples (as of 2000) are officially recognized as Indigenous Small Peoples of Russia. They are included into the Единый перечень коренных малочисленных народов России (Common List of Indigenous Small Peoples of Russia) approved by the government of Russian Federation on March 24, 2000.
These peoples satisfy the following criteria:
- To live in their historical territory;
- To preserve traditional way of life, occupations, and trades;
- To self-recognize themselves as a separate ethnicity
- There should be at most 50,000 of population within Russia.
Some of them, such as Soyots, were recognized only after the collapse of the Soviet Union.
These peoples subject to benefits according to a number of laws aimed at preservation and support of these ethnicities.
Ten of these peoples count less than 1,000 and 11 of them live beyond the Arctic Circle.
Far North
- Aleuts (алеуты) Kamchatka, Koryakia
- Alyutors (Алюторцы), Koryakia
- Chukchis (чукчи)Chukotka, Magadan Oblast, Koryakia
- Chuvans (чуванцы), Chukotka, Magadan Oblast
- Dolgans (долганы), Taymyria, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Sakha
- Enets (*) (энцы) (Yenets, Russian plural: Entsy, obsolete: Yenisei Samoyeds, Yenisei Ostyak, Kets), Taymyria
- Eskimo (Yuit, Inuit), Chukotka (эскимосы)
- Itel'mens (ительмены), Koryakia, Kamchatka, Magadan Oblast
- Kamchadals (камчадалы, a general term for mixed population of Kamchatka) Kamchatka, Koryakia
- Kereks (кереки), Chukotka
- Koryaks (коряки), Koryakia, Kamchatka, Chukotka, Magadan Oblast
- Nenets (*) (Russian plural: Nentsy, old Russian name Samoyeds) (ненцы), Yamalia, Taymyria, Khantia-Mansia, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Komi
- Nganasans (Tavgi) (нганасаны), Taymyria, Krasnoyarsk Krai
- Sami (old Russian name Lopars, i.e., Lapp) (саамы, саамы), Murmansk Oblast
- Veps (*) (вепсы), Republic of Karelia, Leningrad Oblast
- Yukaghirs (юкагиры), Sakha, Chukotka, Magadan Oblast
Central Siberia
- Chulyms (чулымцы), Krasnoyarsk Krai
- Evenks (obsolete: Tungus) (эвенки), Sakha, Evenkia, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Khabarovsk Krai, Amur Oblast, Sakhalin, Buryatia, Irkutsk Oblast, Chita Oblast, Tomsk Oblast, Tyumen Oblast
- Evens (эвены) (obsolete: Lamuts (ламуты)), Sakha, Khabarovsk Krai, Magadan Oblast, Chukotka, Koryakia, Kamchatka
- Kets (кеты), Krasnoyarsk Krai
- Khants (Ostyaks, obsolete) (ханты)
- Mansi (Voguls, obsolete) (манси), Khantia-Mansia, Tyumen Oblast, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Komi
- Selkups (Sel'kups) (селькупы), Yamalia, Tyumen Oblast, Tomsk Oblast, Krasnoyarsk Krai
- Teleuts (телеуты), Kemerovo Oblast
Far East
- Nanais (Russian plural: Nanaitsy) (нанайцы), Khabarovsk Krai, Primorsky Krai, Sakhalin
- Negidals (негидальцы), Khabarovsk Krai
- Nivkhs (нивхи), Khabarovsk Krai, Sakhalin
- Orochs (Evenk tribe by the Oro river) (орочи), Khabarovsk Krai
- Oroks (Oroquen, Ulta) (ороки, ульта), Sakhalin
- Tazs (тазы), Primorsky Krai
- Udege (удэгейцы), Primorsky Krai, Khabarovsk Krai
- Ulchs (*Ul'chs) (ульчи), Khabarovsk Krai
Southern Siberia
- Kumandins (кумандинцы) Altai Krai, Altai Republic, Kemerovo Oblast
- Chelkans (челканцы), Altai Republic,
- Shors (Shorts (*), Shortses) (шорцы), Kemerovo Oblast, Khakassia, Altai Republic
- Soyots (сойоты), Buryatia
- Telengits (теленгиты), Altai Republic
- Tofalars (тофалары), Irkutsk Oblast
- Tubalars (тубалары), Altai Republic
- Tuvans-Todzhins (Tuvintses-Todjintses, тувинцы-тоджинцы), Tyva
Other
- Ainu, some of them lived at South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands, assimilated
- Chuvans (чуванцы), Chukotka and Magadan Oblast
- Izhorians (Ижорцы), Leningrad Oblast and Estonia
- Kamasins (камасинцы, кангаласцы; extinct since 1989)
- Karelians (карелы), a titular nation of Republic of Karelia
- Nagaibaks (Нагайбаки), Chelyabinsk Oblast and Bashkiria
- Shapsugs (Шапсуги), Krasnodar Krai
- Tuvans (тувинцы), a titular nation of Tyva
- Yakuts (якуты), a titular nation of Sakha
Related topics
External links
- UNESCO Red Book on endangered languages: Norteast Asia (http://www.helsinki.fi/~tasalmin/nasia_report.html)
- Endangered Uralic Peoples (http://www.suri.ee/eup/)
- Minority languages of Russia on the Net (http://www.peoples.org.ru/eng_index.html)
- The Red Book of the peoples of the Russian Empire (http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/index1.shtml)
- Survival International article about the Northern indigenous peoples (http://survival-international.org/siberia.htm)
- Siberian Native Peoples (http://www.buryatmongol.com/sibnative.html)
- L'auravetl'an Indigenous Information Network by Indigenous Peoples of Russia (http://www.indigenous.ru/)de:Indigene_Völker_Sibiriens