Nitrile
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A nitrile is an organic compound which has a -CN functional group. The -CN functional group is called a nitrile group. In the -CN group, the carbon atom and the nitrogen atom are triple bonded together. The prefix cyano is often used to indicate the presence of a nitrile group in a molecule. A cyanide ion is a negative ion with the formula CN-. The -CN group is sometimes referred to as a cyanide group. Compounds with them are sometimes referred to as cyanides.
Reactions of Nitriles
Nitrile groups in organic compounds can undergo various reactions when subject to certain reactants or conditions. A nitrile group can be hydrolyzed, reduced, or ejected from a molecule as a cyanide ion.
- in hydrolysis the nitrile is reacted with an acid and water at a high temperature. This can be called acid hydrolysis. A Carboxylic acid is formed in this reaction
- in organic reduction the nitrile is reduced by reacting it with hydrogen with a nickel catalyst an Amine is formed in this reaction
- A nitrile is an electrophile in a nucleophilic addition raction with an organozinc compound in the Blaise reaction
- other nucleophilic addition reactions with nitriles and alcohols are found in the Pinner reaction
Nitrile rubber is a synthetic rubber co-polymer of acrylonitrile and butadiene.ru:Нитрилы