New Party (Oswald Mosley)
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The New Party were a political party briefly active in the United Kingdom in the early 1930s. They were formed by Oswald Mosley, who had become disaffected with the Labour Party when at their 1930 conference they narrowly rejected his "Mosley Manifesto", a document he had written outlining how he would deal with the problem of unemployment.
On December 8, 1930 Mosley published an expanded version of the "Mosley Manifesto", which attracted the support of 16 Labour MPs. On February 28, 1931 Mosley resigned from the Labour Party, launching the New Party the following day, attracting the allegiance of six Labour MPs initially, although two resigned membership after a day and sat in the House of Commons as independent MPs.
The New Party's first electoral contest was at the Ashton-under-Lyne by-election in April, 1931. With a threadbare organisation they polled some 16% of the vote, splitting the Labour vote and allowing a Conservative to be returned to the Commons.
The New Party programme was built on the "Mosley Manifesto", with them advocating a national policy to meet the economic crisis that the Great Depression had brought. They favoured the granting of wide ranging powers to the government, with only general control by Parliament with a five member Cabinet without specific portfolio, similar to the War Cabinet adopted during the First World War. Their economic strategy broadly followed Keynesian thinking and suggested widespread investment into housing to provide work and improve housing standards overall.
Mosley's tendency to want to control the policy making decision of the New Party forced many members to resign membership. However, later in 1931 a Conservative MP and a Liberal MP both joined the New Party. At the 1931 general election the New Party contested 24 seats, but only Mosley himself, and a candidate in Merthyr Tydfil (where they stood against only the Labour Party) polled a decent amount of votes.
Following the election Mosley toured Europe and became convinced of the virtues of Fascism. Some parts of the New Party had already began to adopt fascist thinking, its youth movement for example, and in 1932 Mosley united the various fascist organisations in the UK, forming the British Union of Fascists, to which the New Party subsumed itself.
The name has been brought back as a second New Party has been launched in Britain. The New Party (UK)