NCUBE
|
|
- The title of this article is incorrect because of technical limitations. The correct title is nCUBE.
nCUBE has a series of parallel computing computers from the company of the same name. Early generations of the hardware used a custom microprocessor. Today nCUBE no longer designs custom microprocessors for machines, but uses server class chips manufactured by a 3rd party in massively parallel hardware deployments, primarily for the purposes of on-demand video.
| Contents |
History
nCUBE was founded in 1983 in Beaverton, Oregon by a group of Intel employees frustrated by Intel's reluctance to enter the parallel computing market. This was somewhat premature, as Intel entered the market in 1989. In December 1985, the first generation of nCUBE's hypercube machines were released. Like Intel's these were based on work done on the Cosmic Cube. The second generation was launched in June 1989. The third generation was released in 1995.
In 1988, Larry Ellison invested heavily into nCUBE and became the company's majority share holder. The company's headquarters to Foster City, California to be closer to the Oracle Corporation. In the 1990s, nCUBE shifted its focus from the parallel computing market to the Video on demand (VOD) video server market. In 1994, Ronald Dilbeck became chief executive officer and set nCUBE on a fast track to an initial public offering.
In 1996, Ellison downsized nCUBE and Dilbeck departed. Ellison took over as acting CEO and redirected the company to become Oracle's network computer division. After the network computer diversion, nCUBE resumed development on video servers. nCUBE deployed its first VOD video server in Burj al-Arab hotel in Dubai.
In 1999, nCUBE announced it was acquiring a seven year old Louisville, Colorado software company SkyConnect, Inc., developers of digital advertising and VOD software for cable television and partner in their Burj Al-Arab hotel deployment. The company was once again on IPO fast-track, only to halted again after the bursting of Dot-com bubble. In 2000, SeaChange International filed a suit against nCUBE, alleging its nCUBE's MediaCube-4 product infringed on a SeaChange patent. A jury upheld the validity of SeaChange's patent and awarded damages.
As fallout from the dot-com bubble bursting, the recession, and the lawsuit, in April 2001 nCUBE laid-off 17% of its work force and began closing offices (Foster City in 2002 and Louisville in 2003) to downsize and consolidate the company around the Beaverton manufacturing office. Also in 2001, after acquiring patents from Oracle's interactive television division, nCUBE filed a patent infringement suit against SeaChange claiming that their competitor's video server offering violated its VOD patent on delivery to set-top boxes. nCUBE won the law suit and was awarded over $2 million in damages.
Also in 2002, Ellison stepped down from CEO and named Michael J. Pohl, who had been the company's president (and former CEO of SkyConnect) since 1999, as CEO.
In January 2005, nCUBE was acquired by C-COR for approximately $89.5 million.
Description
The first nCUBE machines to be released were the nCUBE 10 of late 1985. These were based on a set of custom chips, including a 32-bit ALU and a 64-bit IEEE 754 FPU with 128kB of RAM combined onto a board known as a module. Each module delivered 2 MIPS, 500 kiloflops (32-bit single precision), or 300 kiloflops (64-bit double precision), and ran the Vertex OS.
The name referred to the machines ability to build an order-ten hypercube, supporting 1024 CPU's in a single machine. Some of the modules would be used strictly for input/output, which included the nChannel storage-control card, frame buffers, and the InterSystem card that allowed nCUBEs to be attached to each other. At least one host board needed to be installed, acting as the terminal driver. It also could partition the machine into sub-cubes and allocate them separately to different users.
For the second series the naming was changed, and they created the single-chip nCUBE 2 processor. This was otherwise similar to the nCUBE 10's CPU, but run faster at 25 MHz to provide about 7 MIPS and 3.5 megaflops. This was later improved to 30MHz in the 2S model. RAM was increased as well, with 4 to 16 MB of RAM on a "single wide" 1" x 3.5" module, double that on the "double wide" module, and quadruple that on a double wide, double side module. The I/O cards generally had less RAM, with different backend interfaces to support SCSI, HIPPI, etc.
Each nCUBE-2 CPU also included thirteen I/O channels running at 20 Mbit/s. One of these was dedicated to I/O duties, while the other twelve were used as the interconnect system between CPUs. Each channel used wormhole routing to forward messages along. The machines themselves were wired up as order-twelve hypercubes, allowing for up to 4096 CPU's in a single machine.
Each module ran a 200kB microkernel called nCX, but the system now used a Sun Microsystems workstation as the front end and no longer needed the Host Controller. nCX included a parallel filesystem that could do 96-way striping for high performance. C and C++ languages are available, as is NQS, Linda, and Parasoft's Express. These were supported by an in-house compiler team.
The largest nCUBE-2 system installed was at Sandia National Laboratory, a 1024-CPU system that reached 1.91 gigaflops in testing.
The nCUBE-3 CPU included several improvements, and moved to a 64-bit ALU. Among the other improvements was a process-shrink to 0.5u, allowing the speed to be increased to 50Mhz (with plans for 66 and 100MHz). The CPU was also superscalar and included 16kB instruction and data caches, and an MMU for virtual memory support.
Additional I/O links were added, with two dedicated to I/O and sixteen for interconnects, allowing for up to 65,536 CPUs in the hypercube. The channels operated at 100 Mbit/s, due to use of 2 bit parallel instead of the serial lines previously The nCUBE3 also added fault-tolerant adaptive routing support, in addition to fixed routing, although in retrospect it's not entirely clear why.
A fully loaded nCUBE-3 machine could use up to 65k processors, for 3TIPS, and 6.5 teraflops. The maximum memory will be 65 Tb, with an network I/O capability of 24 TB/second. Thus, the processor is biased in terms of I/O, which is usually the limitation. The nChannel board provides 16 I/O channels, where each channel can support transfers at 20 Mbyte/s.
See also
External links
General
- nCUBE Corporation (description of their machines) (http://www.npac.syr.edu/nse/hpccsurvey/orgs/ncube/ncube.html)
- nCUBE Corporation web site (http://www.ncube.com/)
History
- nCUBE's 1997 layoff (http://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/stories/1997/02/03/focus6.html)
- Court upholds SeaChange's law suit. (http://www.cedmagazine.com/cedailydirect/2004/0404/cedaily040413.htm)
- nCUBE's 2001 layoff. (http://print.google.com/print/doc?articleid=bvYzlGZNiUE)
- nCube - SeaChange patent battle. (http://www.broadband-pbimedia.com/cgi/cw/show_mag.cgi?pub=cw&mon=011501&file=vod_patent_battle.inc)
- nCUBE wins patent law suit. (http://www.internetnews.com/infra/article.php/1150571)
- nCUBE acquires SkyConnect. (http://www.ncube.com/pressroom/pressreleases/pr1999_03_17.html)
- Michael Pohl becomes CEO. (http://www.ncube.com/pressroom/pressreleases/pr2002_03_04_pohl.html)
- C-COR finalizes nCUBE acquisition. (http://www.ncube.com/pressroom/pressreleases/pr2005_01_03_c-cor.html)