Matvei Gusev
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Matvei Matveevich Gusev (Матвей Матвеевич Гусев) (1826 (Vyatka, Russia) – 1866 (Berlin, Germany)) was a Russian astronomer who worked at Pulkovo Observatory near St. Petersburg from 1850–1852 and then at Vilnius Observatory (which he established at the University of Vilnius) thereafter.
He was first to prove the non-sphericity of the Moon, concluding that it is elongated in the direction of the Earth.
In 1860 he founded the first scientific journal dedicated to math and physics in Russia: Vestnik matematicheskikh nauk (Вестник математических наук).
A major crater on Mars is named Gusev crater after him, and it is famed as the landing site of the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit.
He is considered one of the pioneers in using photography in astronomy, having taken pictures of the moon and the sun - including subspots - while at the Vilnius observatory.
He became the director of the Vilnius Observatory in 1865.