Khios
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| Statistics | |
|---|---|
| Capital: | Chios |
| Area: | 910 km² |
| Elevation: | Lowest: Aegean Sea Highest: (central part) |
| Inhabitants: | 52,691(1991) 52,290(2001) |
| Population density: | 48.14/km²(1991) 57.46/km² |
| ISO 3166-2: | GR-85 |
| FIPS code: | GR50 |
| Car designation: | XI |
| Code for the municipalities: | 54xx |
| Number of municipalities: | 10 |
| Number of independent communes: | none |
| 2-letter abbreviation/HASC: | KH |
| Map | |
| Missing image GreeceChios.png Image:GreeceChios.png | |
Khios, or Chios or Hios (Χίος) as most Greek English speakers know the island, is a Greek island in the Aegean Sea.
The population is about 52,290 (census of 2001), with an area of 910 km². The capital is also called Khíos or Khora; it is a port and the island's chief town. Other settlements include Vrondados, Volissos, Kardamylla, Oinoussais, Agios Giorgios Sikousis, and Vavili. The island is famous for its scenery and good climate. Its chief export is mastic but it also produces olives, figs, and wine.
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History
Khíos was colonized by Ionians but has been occupied by the Persians, part of the Delian League and the Byzantine Empire, before passing through the possession of the Latin emperors of Constantinople, the Genoese, the Ottoman Turks.
During the Turkish occupation, there was a massacre of the islanders after a rebellion in 1822, depicted by Eugène Delacroix in his famous artwork at The Louvre. Khios rejoined the rest of independent Greece after the First Balkan War (1912).
The Turkish massacre of 1822, which annihilated 1/4 of the 30,000 inhabitants of the island, decimated the Mastichohoria, the mastic growing villages in the south of the island. It triggered enormous public outrage in Western Europe, as can be seen in the art of Delacroix, in the writing of Lord Byron and Victor Hugo.
Claims to Fame
- The Korai Library, in Khios, is one of the most important in Greece, containing 95,000 volumes.
- Khíos claims to be the birthplace of Homer, Hippocrates the mathematician, and Oenopides. Oenopion, a legendary king, is said to have brought winemaking to the island.
- Khíos is home to one of the biggest ship-owning fraternities in Greece, with such shipping families as Livanos, Chandris, Los, Lemos, Pateras, Fafalios, Tsakos, Frangos, and Xylas hailing from the island.
- Khios' satellite islands include Oinoussais and Psara, from where Kanaris fired the first shots in the Greek Struggle for Independence (1822 onwards).
- Some claim Khios is Christopher Columbus's birthplace. Columbus said he was from Genoa, but he never claimed he was from the city of Genoa itself. Khios was a Genoese possession at the time of Columbus birth, and 'Columbus' is common surname on Khios. Furthermore Columbus appears to have known Khios very well, since he often made references to it in his journals.
- Chios is also the birthplace of some well known poets of modern times as Giorgos Dilvois, Nikos Gialouris, Dimitris Varos and Matheos Moundes.
- Chios Museum of Byzantine and Post-Byzantine Art, Website (http://www.culture.gr/2/21/212/21203m/e212cm01.html)
- Chios Archaeological Museum, Website (http://www.culture.gr/2/21/211/21120m/e211tm02.html)
Climate
Its climate is mainly Mediterranean. Winters are rarely founded in higher elevations.
Municipalities
| Municipality | YPES code | Seat | Postal code | Area code ((0)30-) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agias Mimas | 5401 | Thymiano Chiou | 821 00 | 22730-3 |
| Amani | 5402 | Volissos | 821 03 | 22740-2 |
| Chios | 5409 | Chios | 821 00 | 22710-2 thru 4 |
| Oinousses | 5407 | Oinousses | 821 03 | 22710-52 |
| Ionia | 5403 | Kallimasia | 821 00 | 22710-5 thru 6 |
| Kampochora | 5404 | Kampochora | 821 00 | 22710-8 |
| Kardamyla | 5405 | Kardamyla | 823 00 | 22720-2 |
| Mastichochori | 5406 | Pyrgi | 821 02 | 22710-7 |
| Omiroupoli | 5408 | Vrontados | 822 00 | 22710-9 |
| Psara | 5410 | Psara | 821 04 | 22740-6 |
Communities
- See also: Communities of the Chios prefecture
External references
- Official Chios website (http://www.chios.gr) : operated by Chios Prefecture (including tourist guide)
- Association of Rooms to Let & Apartments in Chios (http://chiostrip.com)
- Travel to Chios (http://www.travel-to-chios.com): Chios guide
- e-xios.gr (http://www.e-xios.gr/en/): portal for Chios, everything you need
- Chios island Greece (http://www.fragrant-chios.com/): General information including history, villages and famous people
- Chiosnet (http://www.chiosnet.gr): Chios Travel Guide
- Chiosonline (http://www.chiosonline.gr): Chios Travel Guidede:Chios
et:Chíos el:Χίος fr:Chios nl:Chios no:Khios pl:Chios ro:Chios sv:Chios fi:Khios