Kernave

Kernavė (Polish Kierniów) is a tourist and archeological resort in southeast Lithuania, and was once the medieval capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

Contents

1 Geographic Information 2 History of present-day Kernave Town 3 Tourism Information 4 See also: 5 External link

Geographic Information

Kernave is situated on the right bank of the river Neris, on the upper Neris terrace. The distance to Sirvintos is 21 kilometers, to Vilnius about 35 km. It is close to the Vilnius-Kaunas (18 km) and Vilnius-Panevezys (17 km) highways. It is possible to travel to Kernave from Vilnius by the river Neris.

Kernave is at the center of one of the Lithuanian districts. In 1999, 318 people lived in Kernave. The town is clean and surrounded by nature. The southern part borders on a nature reservation. After passing the courtyard, the bend in the Neris and the river Pajauta in the Pajauta Valley, with man-made mounds formed on ancient burial places in the distance and 10.000 years of history, proven by numerous archeological artifacts, open before travelers eyes.

History of present-day Kernave Town

Next to the present-day church is the churchyard of the old churches.

The foundations of the church built in 1739 have been excavated. This wooden church was moved in 1935 to Krivonys. A concrete monument with a cross erected in 1930 during the celebrations of the 500th anniversary of Vytautas death serves as a reminder of the Vytautas Church built in 1420.

In the grounds of the ancient churches, from the 15th to the 19th century, the people of Kernave were buried. Two chapels stand nearby.

The wooden chapel is an example of folk architecture. It is believed that it was built at the end of the 13th century on the Kernavele estate, and moved to the Kernave church. At the end of the 19th century the church used it as a storehouse. In 1920 a new church was built, and the chapel staffed to decay, since it was no longer part of the church. In 1959 it was repaired, and in 1993-1994 restored. The building belongs to the Kernave parish. It is used to display exhibits of wooden church sculpture.

The brick chapel from the 19th century houses the mausoleum of the Riomeriai family. It was built in 1851-1856 by the landowner Stanislovas Riomeris. The chapel is built of brick and plaster, and is an example of late classicism. It is small and has an octagonal plan, which is unusual for classicism. Inside, there is an opening in the floor which leads to the crypt. Coffins were bricked into its niches. Inside the chapel the altar's mensa, built of stones, has survived. Along the side walls there are black benches. Memorial plaques with the Coat of Arms and names of the members of the Riomeriai family are attached to the walls.

After the First World War the chapel was neglected. It was repaired in 1959 and 1987. At the present time the chapel belongs to the Kernave parish.

Both chapels are situated in the Kernave archaeological and historical reservation. The present-day church was built between 1910 and 1920. Neo-gothic elements are dominant in the architecture.

During the 1980s, on the initiative of Monsignor Ceslovas Krivaitis, the churchyard was repaired, new gates were built and the altar and interior were restored. The churchyard is decorated with Stations of the Cross, arranged by the artist Jadvyga Grisiute. In the churchyard there are two monuments built to commemorate the 600th anniversary of Christianisation and the 700th anniversary of the first mention in written sources of the name of Kernave. The first monument depicts a hearth and a sword, the transition from Paganism to Christianity; the second, a knight with a sword standing between the city gates, the main part of the town Coat of Arms. Millstones are incorporated into the structures of both monuments.

The grave of the priest, writer and promoter of the history of Kernave, Nikodemas Svogzlys-Milzinas is near the monument commemorating the 700th anniversary of Kernave.

In the church there are several valuable pieces of art. The altar, two paintings, two sculptures, a small altar, three glasses and the bell are listed.

The neo-baroque altar is in the side nave. In its center is the painting Maria, on its sides are columns and sculptures of St. Peter and St. Paul. Another five smaller sculptures depict St. Mary, two angels and two saints. All the sculptures belong to the Baroque style. The polychromatic architectural details of the altar are imitation marble, their features are bronze.

The painting Marija Skaplierine (canvas, oil, metal, 220x120 cm) is on the altar in the central nave. It was painted in 1816 and depicts the Mother and Child, God the Father, and the Holy Spirit (a dove).

The painting The Holy Family (canvas, oil, 143x104 cm) comes from the 18th century. The painting shows the Mother and Child and a lamb. In the background is St. Joseph; above are angels. The composition is asymmetric, and has several lines of perspective.

Other pieces of art include a small altar from the early 19th century, two glasses from the beginning of the 19th century, one glass from the beginning of the 18th century, and a bell from the 17th century. The bell is made of brass, 45 centimeters in diameter, cast in Vilnius in 1667.

In the 1980s, thanks to the efforts of Monsignor Ceslovas Krivaitis, a non-traditional presbytery was constructed, and the surroundings were cleaned up.

The church and presbytery began to receive famous guests visiting the town of Kernave. In the presbytery is an exhibition of the way of life of parishioners, and historic and holy relics. In 1987 a museum of sacramental relics was opened in the old presbytery building.

At the parish hall the pre-war sculpture of the Iron Wolf has been rebuilt. The cultural activities of the church contribute much to the general historical and cultural life of Kernave. A wide pavement goes from the church to the town. On both sides in the 80s commercial, administrative and cultural buildings were built. The State Kernave Archaeological Historical Museum and the district office have moved into the cultural center (architect A.Alekna).

At the end of the walkway is a pleasant two-storey brick building. It is Kernave Primary School, built in 1929. Here, on December 28, 1930, the teacher J. Siauciunas opened the first exhibition of the museum. He devoted his life to educational and cultural work at this school until his deportation on June 14, 1941 by Soviets. He died in Siberia on October 17, 1943.

In 1998 the school was repaired and restored. In 1998, by decision of the Board of the Sirvintos District, the Kernave primary school was given the name of Juozas Siauciunas. In 1999 the school, and in the year 2000 the Kernave museum, celebrated the 70th anniversaries of their foundation.

The old architecture of Kernave is best preserved in Vilnius and Kriveikiskio streets. In the central part of the town, the buildings are mainly from the postwar period. The settlement is in harmony with the natural beauty of its surroundings. To the south of the town is the Archaeological and Historical Reservation, the spectacular natural relief on both sides of the Neris.

Tourism Information

In the north the swampy Lake Pragarine hides bushes. The pine forest extending around Kernave is an excellent place to gather berries, pick mushrooms or to spend a vacation. Those interested in history will find a whole range of mounds extending from Kernave to the village of Dailidziai.

Tourists can stay in the recreation facility situated on Baltasis Hill, sit by a bonfire and admire Neris, or greet the new day among the legendary misty mounds.

In summer Kernave comes to life. Celebrations and folk festivals are organized. Archaeological expeditions have been held for more than 20 years, in which Lithuanian and foreign archaeologists, students, and school children take part.

Kernave is also famous for its traditional Rasa festivals. As early as 1967 a group of university students held the very first Rasa festival, which later became a tradition. For several decades it was not only a way to clean the soul, but also to protest against the humiliation of national consciousness and the forced implantation of Soviet traditions. Attempts to prohibit this festival were not successful.

The natural beauty, the mysterious history, the impressive archaeological finds, and cleanliness of the town have attracted more than 13.000 tourists from Lithuania and almost 30 other countries. This number should grow considerably in the future.

See also:

• History of Lithuania
• Trakai
• Voruta

External link

Template:Commons

• Cultural Preserve of Kernave (http://travel-lithuania.com/kernave)lt:Kernavė

pl:Kierniów