John Queen
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John Queen (born February 11, 1882 in Lanarkshire, Scotland) was a Manitoba politician, and the second parliamentary leader of that province's Independent Labour Party. He also served as mayor of Winnipeg on two occasions.
Queen arrived in Canada in 1906, and soon became involved in the radical politics of Winnipeg. He joined the Social Democratic Party of Canada in 1908, as the group was breaking away from the more doctrinaire Socialist Party of Canada. Queen's own variety of socialism was undogmatic, and was strongly influenced by the reform liberalism of John Stuart Mill.
Queen was elected to the Winnipeg City Council in 1916, and continued to serve on this body until 1921. In this capacity, he argued for a more progressive tax system, and defended the rights of returning soldiers. He had intended to run for federal office in 1917, but stood aside in the interest of labour unity.
Queen was a leading figure in the Winnipeg General Strike, and received a one-year jail sentence for "seditious conspiracy" in 1920. This did not hurt his popularity among the city's workers, and he was elected to the Manitoba legislature later in the year. After taking his seat in 1921, he supported a motion to allow "peaceful picketing" within the province; this motion was defeated.
The SDPC ceased to exist in 1920. Queen was re-elected in 1922 as an "Independent Workers" candidate, and subsequently joined the Independent Labour Party. When Fred Dixon resigned in 1923, Queen became the ILP's parliamentary leader.
Canada's labour movement experienced several setbacks in the late 1920s, and the ILP was not an especially strong electoral force during Queen's time as leader. The party elected only three members in 1927, all from Winnipeg -- Queen, William Ivens and Seymour J. Farmer. The party fared slightly better in 1932, winning four seats in Winnipeg and taking St. Boniface from veteran Conservative MLA Joseph Bernier. The party made little headway beyond urban areas, however, and remained a relatively small opposition group to the Progressive government of John Bracken.
After failed attempts in 1932 and 1933, Queen was elected mayor of Winnipeg in 1934 (defeating John McKerchar, the candidate of the city's business interests). Queen again campaigned in favour of progressive taxation, and spoke out against a proposed tax reduction for various businesses within the city. Following his election, he passed a tax reform bill that provided for a significant increase in the city's revenues.
Queen served as mayor from 1935 to 1936, and again from 1937 to 1942. He did not endorse many explicitly socialist policies during his period in office, instead favouring more general programs of civic improvement. Queen's housing reforms were upheld as a model for the rest of the nation, and he held leading positions in the Canadian Federation of Mayors and Municipalities.
Queen continued to serve in the provincial legislature during his tenure as mayor, though he turned over the leadership of the party to Seymour J. Farmer in 1935. Along with the rest of the ILP caucus, he became affiliated with the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation in 1933. His defeat in the provincial election of 1941 seems to have been unexpected.
Queen was also defeated as Winnipeg's mayor in 1942, and lost another bid in 1944. Strong opposition from Winnipeg's Communists was undoubtedly a contributing factor in both cases.
| Preceded by: Ralph Humphreys Webb | Mayor of Winnipeg, MB 1935-1936 | Succeeded by: Frederick Edgar Warriner |
| Preceded by: Frederick Edgar Warriner | Mayor of Winnipeg, MB 1937-1942 | Succeeded by: Garnet Coulter |