John Cooper (car maker)

John Cooper (July 17, 1923 - December 24, 2000) was a co-founder, with his father Charles Cooper, of the Cooper Car Company. Born in Kingston, Surrey, England, he became an auto racing legend with his rear-engined chassis design that would eventually change the face of the sport at its highest levels, from Formula One to the Indianapolis 500.

Charles Cooper ran a small garage in Surbiton that specialised in maintaining racing cars. His son John left school at age 15 to become an apprentice toolmaker and served in the Royal Air Force as an instrument maker in World War II. When he returned after the war, he and his father began building simple, inexpensive single-seat racers for privateers, often from surplus military hardware. The cars were extremely successful and quickly in high demand, and in 1948 they founded their own company to build more.

In stereotypical British fashion, Cooper always downplayed the story about how they decided to put the engine in the back of their racing cars, insisting it was a matter of convenience. Because the car was powered by a motorcycle engine, they put the engine in the back, driving a chain. "We certainly had no feeling that we were creating some scientific breakthrough!...We put the engine at the rear...because it was the practical thing to do," Cooper said. ^{[1] (http://www.grandprix.com/ft/ftdt019.html)}

In the early 1950s, it seemed as if every aspiring young British racing driver began behind the wheel of a Cooper, and Cooper's Formula One cars were driven by the legendary drivers of the time -- Jack Brabham, Stirling Moss, Maurice Trintignant, Bruce McLaren. In a nine-year period, the team took 16 Grand Prix wins, as Brabham and the team won back-to-back World Championships in 1959 and 1960.

While in Sebring, Florida for the 1959 United States Grand Prix, Cooper got to know American driver Rodger Ward, the reigning USAC National Champion and Indianapolis 500 Winner. After Ward had been astounded by the cornering ability of Cooper's little cars on the road course, he offered to arrange a test for them at Indianapolis Motor Speedway, saying, "You've got to try out your car around the Oval. Indy's waiting for you!" Cooper took one of his Formula One cars to the Speedway in the fall of 1960, as drivers, constructors and racing personalities gathered in "amused tolerance, mixed with obvious curiosity," according to Cooper. When Jack Brabham went out to "warm-up," he was unaware of the requirement for a "rookie" to gradually build up his speed on the track. Instead, he did his second lap at 144.8 miles per hour, fast enough for the third row on the previous race's grid! Ward was so enthused, Cooper had to agree to let him drive the car, too. From that point, the Indianapolis establishment realized the writing was on the wall and the days of their front-engined roadsters were numbered. Within a few years, John Cooper's revolution of open-wheeled racing was complete. (Cooper, pp. 84-88, 95-97)

Cooper's development of the British Motor Corporation Mini -- the Mini Cooper -- was adored by both rally racers and ordinary road drivers. It reappeared in production in 2001 as the BMW MINI.

Cooper was the last surviving Formula 1 team principal from the formative years of the sport, and he often lamented later in life that the fun had long since gone out of racing. He helped establish Britain's domination of motorsport technology, which continues today, and he received the CBE (Commander of Order of the British Empire) for his services to British motorsport. He remained head of the family garage business until his death at age 77 in 2000.

References

• John Cooper - A Very British Marque, A Very British Man (http://www.grandprix.com/ft/ftdt019.html)
• John Cooper: The Man Who Beat Italia (http://www.atlasf1.com/2001/jan10/horton.html)
• John Cooper Works (http://www.johncooper.co.uk/)
• John Cooper (1977). The Grand Prix Carpetbaggers: The Autobiography of John Cooper. Doubleday. ISBN 0-3850-3081-9de:John Cooper