Hypocalcaemia
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In medicine, hypocalcaemia is the presence of low serum calcium levels in the blood (usually taken as less than 2.2 mmol/L or 9mg/dl or an ionized calcium level of less than 1.1 mmol/L (4.5 mg/dL)). This condition is sometimes confused with hypokalemia.
Causes
- absent parathyroid hormone (PTH)
- hereditary hypoparathyroidism
- acquired hypoparathyroidism
- hypomagnesemia
- ineffective PTH
- chronic renal failure
- absent active vitamin D
- decreased dietary intake
- decreased sun exposure
- defective Vitamin D metabolism
- anticonvulsant therapy
- vitamin-D dependent rickets, type I
- ineffective active vitamin D
- intestinal malabsorption
- vitamin-D dependent rickets, type II
- pseudohypoparathyroidism
- deficient PTH
- severe acute hyperphosphatemia
- tumor lysis syndrome
- acute renal failure
- rhabdomyolysis (initial stage)
- osteitis fibrosa following parathyroidectomy
- severe acute hyperphosphatemia