Hypericum
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About 400, including: |
Hypericum is a genus of about 400 species of flowering plants in the family Clusiaceae, formerly often treated separately in their own family the Hypericaceae. The genus has a nearly world-wide distribution, missing only from tropical lowlands, deserts and arctic regions.
The species vary from small annual or perennial herbaceous plants 5-10 cm tall, to shrubs and small trees up to 12 m tall. The leaves are opposite, simple oval, 1-8 cm long, either deciduous or evergreen. The flowers vary from pale to dark yellow, and from 0.5-6 cm diameter, with five (rarely four) petals. The fruit is usually a dry capsule which splits to release the numerous small seeds; in some species it is fleshy and berry-like.
All members of the genus may be referred to as "St. John's worts" or St.John's-worts, though they are also commonly just called Hypericums; other names include Rose of Sharon and Tutsan. Some species are used as ornamentals and have large, showy flowers.
Various Hypericum species are used as food plants by the larva of the Treble-bar, a species of moth.
Selected species
- Hypericum acmosepalum
- Hypericum addingtonii
- Hypericum adenotrichum
- Hypericum aegypticum
- Hypericum anagalloides (commonly known as Bog St John's wort or Tinker's Penny) is a mat-forming annual with elliptic to obovate leaves and yellow to pinkish-orange flowers. It is indigenous to western North America.
- Hypericum androsaemum (commonly known as Tutsan)
- Hypericum annulatum
- Hypericum ascyron
- Hypericum athoum
- Hypericum atomarium
- Hypericum augustinii
- Hypericum balearicum
- Hypericum barbatum
- Hypericum beanii
- Hypericum bellum
- Hypericum buckleii
- Hypericum bupleuroides
- Hypericum calycinum (commonly known as Rose of Sharon) is a woody shrub to about 1m tall, with much larger flowers than most other species, 3-5 cm diameter. It is indigenous to Europe. It is a popular garden shrub, compact, growing to about 1m tall and 1-2m wide but usually smaller.
- Hypericum canariense
- Hypericum capitatum
- Hypericum cerastoides
- Hypericum choisianum
- Hypericum cistifolium
- Hypericum concinnum
- Hypericum confertum
- Hypericum cordifolium
- Hypericum coris
- Hypericum crenulatum
- Hypericum crux-andreae
- Hypericum curvisepalum
- Hypericum delphicum
- Hypericum densiflorum
- Hypericum dyeri
- Hypericum elegans
- Hypericum ellipticum
- Hypericum elodeoides
- Hypericum elodes
- Hypericum elongatum
- Hypericum empetrifolium
- Hypericum erectum
- Hypericum ericoides
- Hypericum fasciculatum
- Hypericum foliosum
- Hypericum formosum (commonly known as Western St John's wort or Slender St John's wort) is an erect perennial with ovate to obovate leaves and deep yellow, black-dotted flowers. It is indigenous to western North America.
- Hypericum forrestii
- Hypericum fragile
- Hypericum frondosum
- Hypericum galioides
- Hypericum gentianoides
- Hypericum glandulosum
- Hypericum gramineum
- Hypericum grandifolium
- Hypericum graveolens
- Hypericum henryi
- Hypericum hircinum
- Hypericum hirsutum: Hairy St.John's-wort
- Hypericum hookerianum
- Hypericum humifusum: Trailing St.John's-wort
- Hypericum hypericoides
- Hypericum hyssopifolium
- Hypericum japonicum
- Hypericum kalmianum
- Hypericum kelleri
- Hypericum kotschyanum
- Hypericum kouytchense
- Hypericum lagarocladum
- Hypericum lancasteri
- Hypericum lanuginosum
- Hypericum leschenaultii
- Hypericum linariifolium
- Hypericum linarioides
- Hypericum lobbii
- Hypericum lobocarpum
- Hypericum maclarenii
- Hypericum maculatum: Imperforate St;John's-wort - Used as a food plant by The Engrailed, a species of moth.
- Hypericum majus
- Hypericum monogynum
- Hypericum montanum: Pale St. John's-wort
- Hypericum montbretii
- Hypericum mutilum
- Hypericum nanum
- Hypericum nudiflorum
- Hypericum nummularium
- Hypericum oblongifolium
- Hypericum olympicum
- Hypericum orientale
- Hypericum origanifolium
- Hypericum pallens
- Hypericum patulum
- Hypericum perfoliatum
- Hypericum perforatum (commonly known as St John's wort, Perforate St.John's-wort, or Goat Weed) is a rhizomatous perennial herb with ovate to linear leaves and deep yellow flowers. It is native to Europe, West Asia, and North Africa.
- Hypericum prolificum
- Hypericum pseudohenryi
- Hypericum pulchrum: Slender St.John's-wort
- Hypericum punctatum
- Hypericum reflexum
- Hypericum reptans
- Hypericum revolutum
- Hypericum richeri
- Hypericum rumeliacum
- Hypericum sampsonii
- Hypericum scouleri
- Hypericum setosum
- Hypericum spruneri
- Hypericum stellatum
- Hypericum subsessile
- Hypericum tenuicaule
- Hypericum tetrapterum (syn. H quadrangulum): Square-stalked St.John's-wort
- Hypericum tomentosum
- Hypericum trichocaulon
- Hypericum triquetrifolium (Curled-leaved St. John's wort)
- Hypericum undulatum
- Hypericum uralum
- Hypericum vacciniifolium
- Hypericum wilsonii
- Hypericum xylosteifolium
- Hypericum yakusimense
Cultivation and uses
Hypericum.flower.750pix.jpg
Numerous hybrids and cultivars have been developed for use as ornamental garden plants in horticulture, such as Hypericum x moserianum (H. calycinum x H. patulum) and Hypericum 'Hidcote', in the photograph, left.
Hypericum perforatum is used in herbalism as an antidepressant.
Some species are nuisance weeds in farmland and gardens.
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