Hydromorphone

Missing image
Hydromorphone.png
Hydromorphone chemical structure


Hydromorphone

4,5-α-epoxy-3-hydroxy-
17-methyl-morphinan-6-one
CAS number
466-99-9
ATC code
N02AA03
Chemical formula C17H19NO3
Molecular weight 285.341
Bioavailability 30-35%
Metabolism Hepatic
Elimination half-life  ?
Excretion Renal
Pregnancy category C
Legal status Class A (UK), DEA schedule II (USA)
Routes of administration oral, intramuscular, intravenous, rectal

Overview

Hydromorphone is a drug used to relieve moderate to severe pain. Hydromorphone is known by the trade name Dilaudid®. It belongs to a category of drugs known as opioid agonists. It is commonly given to patients who have recently undergone surgery or who have suffered serious injury, and it is given intravenously, intramuscularly, rectally, or orally.

Details

Hydromorphone, a semi-synthetic µ opioid agonist, is a hydrogenated ketone of morphine and shares the pharmacologic properties typical of opioid analgesics. Hydromorphone and related opioids produce their major effects on the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. These include analgesia, drowsiness, mental clouding, changes in mood, euphoria or dysphoria, respiratory depression, cough suppression, decreased gastrointestinal motility, nausea, vomiting, increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure, increased biliary pressure, pinpoint constriction of the pupils, increased parasympathetic activity and transient hyperglycemia.

CNS depressants, such as other opioids, anesthetics, sedatives, hypnotics, barbiturates, phenothiazines, chloral hydrate and glutethimide may enhance the depressant effects of hydromorphone. MAO inhibitors (including procarbazine HCl), pyrazolidone antihistamines, beta-blockers and alcohol may also enhance the depressant effect of hydromorphone. When combined therapy is contemplated, the dose of one or both agents should be reduced.

Side Effects

Adverse effects of hydromorphone are similar to those of other opioid analgesics, and represent an extension of pharmacological effects of the drug class. The major hazards of hydromorphone include respiratory and CNS depression. To a lesser degree, circulatory depression, respiratory arrest, shock and cardiac arrest have occurred. The most frequently observed adverse effects are sedation, nausea, vomiting, constipation, lightheadedness, dizziness and sweating.



Analgesics edit (https://academickids.com:443/encyclopedia/index.php?title=Template:Analgesics&action=edit)

{Paracetamol (acetaminophen) } {Tetrahydrocannabinol} {Cannabinoids} {Ketamine}

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