Helmut Schelsky

Helmut Schelsky, (b. 14 October 1912 in Chemnitz (Saxony/Germany), d. 24 February 1984 in Münster (North Rhine-Westphalia)), was a very gifted German sociologist, the most influential in post-war Germany, well up into the 1970s.

Biography

Helmut Schelsky turned to social philosophy and even more to sociology, as elaborated at the University of Leipzig by Hans Freyer (the "Leipzig School"). Having earned his doctorate in 1935 (thesis [tr.]: The theory of community in the 1796 natural law by Fichte), in 1939 he qualified as a lecturer with a thesis on the political thought of Thomas Hobbes at the University of Königsberg (now: Kaliningrad/Russia). He was called up in 1941, so did not take up his first chair of Sociology at the (then German) University of Strasbourg in 1944.

After the fall of the 'Third Reich' in 1945, Schelsky joined the German Red Cross and formed its Suchdienst (Missing Persons). In 1949 he became a Professor at the Hamburg "Hochschule für Arbeit und Politik", in 1953 at Hamburg University, and in 1960 he went to the University of Münster. There he headed what was then the biggest West German centre for social research in Dortmund).

In 1970, Schelsky was called to be the first rector of the newly-founded Bielefeld University (creating by the way the first and only German full "Faculty of Sociology", and the "Centre of Interdisciplinarian Research" ("Zentrum für Interdisziplinäre Forschung" [ZiF] at Rheda), planned to be a 'German Harvard'). However, his new university changed very much, due to the years of student unrest all over Europe and North America, so he returned to Münster in anger, in 1973, for another five years. Having been a busy and successful publisher and editor all his life, he wrote several more books, against the Utopian way to approach Sociology, as fostered by the Frankfurt School, and on the Sociology of Law, but died a broken man in 1984.

Schelsky and German Sociology

The "Leipzig School" (the social philosopher Hans Freyer, the anthropologist Arnold Gehlen, the philosopher Gotthard Günther), rich in the talents of a first generation, was of strong theoretical influence on Schelsky. But Freyer also dreamt of building up a sociological think tank for the 'Third Reich' - quite differently to most other sociologists, e. g. to the (outspoken) anti-Hitlerian Ferdinand Tönnies (University of Kiel) and to Leopold von Wiese (University of Cologne), and to the emigrants (e. g. to Karl Mannheim, and to the up-and-coming René König, Paul Lazarsfeld, Norbert Elias, Theodor Adorno, Rudolf Heberle, and Lewis A. Coser). Freyer's ambitions failed miserably, the Nazi power elite monopolizing ideology, but helped the talented (and former Nazi) student Schelsky in his first career steps.

After the Second World War, no longer a National Socialist, Schelsky became a star of applied sociology, due to his great gift of anticipating social and sociological developments. He published books on the theory of institutions, on stratification, on the sociology of family, on the sociology of sexuality, on the sociology of youth, on Industrial Sociology, on the sociology of education, and on the sociology of the university system. In Dortmund, he made the Social Research Centre a West German focus of empirical and theoretical studies, being especially gifted in finding and attracting first class social scientists, e.g. Dieter Claessens, Niklas Luhmann and many more.

It helped very much that Schelsky was an outspoken liberal professor, without any ambition to create adherents - a rare bird among German mandarins. He helped another 17 sociologists qualify as lecturers (outnumbering in this any other professor in the Humanities and Social Sciences) and anticipated the boom in sociological chairs at German universities. Manning them, he was professionally even more successful than the outstanding remigrants René König (Cologne) and Otto Stammer (Berlin) - the Frankfurt School starting to be of influence only after 1968.

Schelsky was able to design Bielefeld University as an innovative institution of the highest academic quality, both in research and in thought. But, the fact that his own university had moved away from his ideas hit him hard. His later books, criticizing ideological sociology (very much acclaimed now by conservative analysts) und on the sociology of law (quite of influence in the Schools of Law) kept up his reputation as an outstanding thinker, but fell out of grace with younger sociologists. Moreover, his fascinating analyses, being of highest practical value, went out of date for the same reason; only by 2000 did new sociologists start to read him again.

Selected Bibliography

1. Zur Stabilität von Institutionen ([tr.] On the stability of institutions, 1952)
2. Wandlungen der deutschen Familie in der Gegenwart ( [tr.] Changes in present-day German families, 1953, 4th ed. 1960)
3. Soziologie der Sexualität ([tr.] Sociology of sexuality, 1955, 21st ed. 1977)
4. Die sozialen Folgen der Automatisierung ([tr.] The social outcomes of automation, 1957)
5. Schule und Erziehung in der industriellen Gesellschaft ([tr.] School and education in the industrial society, 1957, 5th ed. 1965)
6. Die skeptische Generation ([tr.] The sceptical generation (on youth), 1957, 7th ed.1975)
7. Ortsbestimmung der deutschen Soziologie ([tr.] Where to place German sociology, 1959)
8. Einsamkeit und Freiheit. ([tr.] Solitude and liberty (on the role of the university), 1963, 2nd ed. 1973)
9. Die Arbeit tun die andern. Klassenkampf und Priesterherrschaft der Intellektuellen ([tr.] Let others work. Class struggle and clerical rule of the intellectuals, 1975, ext. 3rd ed. 1977)
10. Die Soziologen und das Recht ([tr.] The sociologists and the law, 1980)

(This contribution is very much indebted to the German Wikipedia.)de:Helmut Schelsky