W. Heath Robinson
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William Heath Robinson (May 31, 1872–September 13, 1944) was a British cartoonist and illustrator, who signed himself W. Heath Robinson.
Born into a family of artists in London, England, his early career was as a book illustrator, for example in Hans Christian Andersen's Tales; The Arabian Nights, (1899); Tales From Shakespeare (1902), and Twelfth Night (1908), Charles Kingsley's The Water Babies (1915), and Walter de la Mare's Peacock Pie (1916).
In the course of this however, he wrote and illustrated two children's books, The Adventures of Uncle Lubin (1902), and Bill the Minder (1912); these are regarded as the start of his career in the depiction of unlikely machines. During World War I he drew large numbers of cartoons, collected as Some "Frightful" War Pictures (1915), Hunlikely! (1916), and Flypapers (1919), depicting ever-more-unlikely secret weapons being used by the combatants.
Besides these, he produced a steady stream of humorous drawings, for magazines and advertisements. In 1934, he published a collection of his favourites as Absurdities, such as
- "The Wart Chair. A simple apparatus for removing a wart from the top of the head"
- "Resuscitating stale railway scones for redistribution at the station buffets"
- "The multimovement Tabby Silencer", which automatically threw water at serenading cats
Most of his cartoons have since been reprinted many times in multiple collections.
The machines he drew were usually kept running by balding, bespectacled men in overalls. The machines were frequently powered by steam boilers or kettles, heated by candles or a spirit lamp; often there would be complex pulley arrangements, threaded by lengths of knotted string. Robinson's cartoons were so popular, that even to this day in Britain, the name "Heath Robinson" is applied as a shorthand for an improbable, rickety machine barely kept going by incessant tinkering. (The corresponding term in the U.S. is Rube Goldberg, after an American cartoonist with an equal devotion to odd machinery.)
One of the automatic analysis machines built for Bletchley Park during World War II to assist in the decryption of German message traffic, including the Enigma machine, was named "Heath Robinson" in his honour. It was a direct predecessor to the Colossus, the world's first programmable digital electronic computer.
External links
- The William Heath Robinson Trust (http://www.heathrobinson.org)
- Heath Robinson online exhibition (http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/walker/exhibitions/heathrobinson)
- SurLaLune Fairy Tale Pages: Fairy Tale Illustrations of William Heath Robinson (http://www.surlalunefairytales.com/illustrations/illustrators/whrobinson.html)