Golden Horse Film Festival and Awards

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The Golden Horse Film Festival and Awards (臺北金馬影展) is a film festival and awards ceremony held annually in Taiwan, Republic of China.

Fashioned after the Academy Awards, the Golden Horse Awards (金馬獎) are generally held to be the most prestigious film awards for Chinese-language films outside the People's Republic of China. Unlike the Academy Awards however, whereby winners are chosen through public vote by fellow colleagues in an Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, the Golden Horse Awards winners are selected by a panel of judges during the week before the ceremony is held. Winners are awarded with a statuette modelled after a golden horse.

The Golden Horse Film Awards ceremony is held after a month of festival showcasing some of the film features nominated for the awards. Under current regulations, every film made primarily in a Chinese language is eligible for the Awards. Since 1996, a liberalization act allows for an artiste or film from the People's Republic of China to be eligible for the Awards, as in Best Actor Xia Yu (夏雨) (1996) and Best Actress Qin Hailu (秦海璐) (2001).

The 2003 recipients of Best Actor and Best Actress are Tony Leung Chiu Wai for his role as an undercover cop in Infernal Affairs 3, and Wu Junru (Sandra Ng Kwun-Yu) as a prostitute in Golden Chicken. The best Chinese film for 2003 is adjudged to be Infernal Affairs 3.

The 2004 Golden Horse Award went to Kekexili: Mountain Patrol, the first Mainland Chinese film to win this award.

External links

Official website (http://www.goldenhorse.org.tw/)

Highlights

1959

The Executive Yuan issued the "Mandarin Films Award Regulation" to subsidize movies granted in the previous year on three aspects: feature films, documentary and individual techniques. The number of awards was unlimited and therefore each category had multiple awardees. Each winner received both substantial incentives (the prize, the trophy, the quota of imported foreign films) and honorary tokens (the certificate, the medal). With three successive year of holding this event, the prototype of the film festival was gradually formed.

1962

In May, the Government Information Office enacted the "Mandarin Film Award Regulation of Year 1962" to officially found the Golden Horse Awards. It applied different genres and fixed amounts to scrutinize the nominated films. Eighteen categories in total were designated along with the individual techniques separately awarded. The scale of the Golden Horse Awards thus sustained to become the annual ceremony in October ever since.
The term "Golden Horse" quoted from the first letter of Kin-Men and Ma-Tsu. [Translator's note: Kin stands for "Gold" and Ma indicates "Horse" in Chinese.]
The 1st and 2nd Golden Horse Film Festivals released the winners list ahead of time then held the awarding ceremony to celebrate the President CHIANG Kai-Shek's birthday on Oct. 31.
The first best film entitled Sun, Moon and Star depicted the love multi-angle during the Resistant War to the Japanese Invasion period.
LIN Dai was awarded as the best actress of Love Without End in the 9th Asian Film Festival. It was the fourth time of her winning the prize.

1963

The Love Eterne blasted the box office success and consecutively showed for 186 days. Taipei audiences went crazy about Ivy LIN Po's arrival to receive the Golden Horse Award. Such phenomenon was teased by the Hong Kong daily news as "The City of Lunatics." Nevertheless, the jury hesitated to classify Ivy LIN Po's travesty role into either Best Actor or Best Actress categories. Eventually she was presented "Best Acting Special Award," which set a precedent example of the special award.
TU Juan proclaimed to decline being awarded as the best supporting actress in the Golden Horse Film Festival conducted by the Government Information Office. It was due to her regarding the role as the leading instead of a supportive character in The Remarriage.
In September, the Ministry of Interior Affairs summoned the "Film Guidance Conference." It set a precedent for the officials, scholars and cinema figures to resolve the film crisis in the future.
[Hong Kong] MP & GI Co., managed to establish the film studio in Taiwan.
Director LI Han-Hsiang founded Kuo Lien Entertainment Ltd, directly subject to Cathay Organization [Singapore].
The diplomatic tie between Taiwan and Japan began to deteriorate and caused the prohibition against the import of Japanese films for 2 years as a result.

1964

The Golden Horse Film Festival was suspended for one round due to the following reasons addressed by the Government Information Office:
1. The Asian Film Festival just took place in Taipei and there was no urgent need to conduct a film festival with the similar nature.
2. In recent years, the residents had indulged themselves within flamboyant extravagance and negligence. From the perspective of society as a whole, there should be no necessity to hold such an event.
3. The air crash tragedy of the tycoon Dato LOKE Wan-Tho, who owned the MP & GI Co., severely traumatized the Hong Kong film field. No sufficient films were submitted to the film festival.

1965

The 3rd Golden Horse Film Festival was re-scheduled to celebrate the president's birthday on Oct. 31. The Hong Kong as well as the domestic cinema figures, abided by the conventions, formed a delegation to take a part in this event.
The Golden Horse Film Festival added two categories respectively to the Best Art Direction "black-and-white" versus "color" Awards, whilst the Best Music was sub-categorized into "Musicals" and "Non-Musicals."
In March, the Executive Yuan resumed the policy to promote Mandarin Films.
The hosting committee favored the films with the so-called thematic "Political Correctness" during this period. The "healthy realism" advocated by the Central Motion Picture Cooperation emerged to be the mainstream of the time.
The Film Production Society of Taiwan Province released the statistics of the domestic films production in 1965. The total amount of new releases had reached 158 by the year-end.
Taiwan government lifted the ban against Japanese films for the second time. Some delegates on behalf of the domestic film industry petitioned to the Legislative Yuan to draft measures and safeguard local motion pictures from the potential threat.

1966

The Taiwanese film production had reached its prime time with a 57 films in the first two quarters of the year.
The Film Censorship Authority indicated to follow regulations to examine the Taiwanese films and urged the filmmakers to cautiously select the topic in order to avoid any vulgar interest.
The prevalence of TV gradually threatened the film industry, especially the rural areas on the southern part of Cha-Yi.
The Mandarin Films Award Regulation of Year 1996 was ratified and published by the Executive Yuan to encourage the composition of creative playwrights. The reward was thus doubled from twenty to forty thousand NT dollars.
The Central Motion Picture Cooperation cooperated with the Shaw Brothers Studio to film the first romance: An Ideal Madame.
In March, Four Loves was screened in San Francisco and marked the premiere of a Mandarin film ever shown in American Commercial Theatre.
The domestic film institutes initiated to build studios in sequence. Three of them had individually outsourced the construction projects to contractors, and others awaited scheming out the blueprint.
[Taiwan] Shaw Brothers Studio declared to massively produce rapid-paced Kung Fu movies.

1967

In May, the Executive Yuan passed to implement the terms and conditions along with the relevant amendments of the Film Censorship Regulations.
Twenty-eight Taiwanese film companies formed the production and marketing alley to strengthen the force and to implement the joint-issue.
The Film Production Society suggested to simplify the procedure in examining the exported domestic films.
The new studio of the Central Motion Picture Cooperation located in Shi-Lin was inaugurated in July and regarded as the one of largest scale in the Far East.
In November, the Bureau of Cultural Affairs (Ministry of Education) was formed and transferred the duty of film censorship as well as guidance. The chief raised ten major suggestions for the future domestic film development, including the incessant effort to lower the quota of foreign films and to build international reputation in the overseas market.
The audience who viewed Dragon Inn directed by King Hu exceeded the amount of two millions in total.

1968

The Golden Horse Award newly added three categories: the best newsreel, the best newsreel director and the best newsreel photography.
The Central Motion Picture Cooperation carved out the new direction to make a great diversity of films ever since.
The Mandarin films faced a drastic drop in the overseas market share, especially in Hong-Kong, Singapore and Malaysia. To enhance the production quality turned to be the first priority.
Shaw Brothers Studio planed to construct four local studios to shoot 4 to 6 films per year, meanwhile, to provide job opportunity and to train new talents.
In May, there were thirty-one films to shoot simultaneously in domestic studios. It resulted in the shortage of actors, technicians and even the equipments.
In June, the Bureau of Cultural Affairs publicized the six rules regarding the trim and edit of the combat scenes. It reiterated the determination to strictly scrutinize every film reported.
The Minister of Education urged to shoot films with a social education morale and intended to provide guidelines in the film industry.

1969

The Golden Horse Awards further added two categories: the best animation and the best animation director.
The domestic studios re-directed to make films of different genres cause the Kung Fu Movie had reached its downturn due to the change of the domestic film-making trend. The current audience favored comedy and ghost films instead.
The prominent actress Betty Loh deceased unexpectedly and left the vacancy for the role in two new releases supervised by the Kuo Tai Entertainment Ltd..
In recent years, the eastern south Asian market was rife with the massively produced domestic films. The Film Production Society, therefore, staged an assembly to settle this issue.
The films nominated for the Golden Horse Awards amounted to forty-eight releases, including 31 feature films, 8 newsreels and 1 animation.
On account of Hong Kong audience's preference towards the ancient custom films, the modern movies performed by Lin Bo did not meet a satisfying target audience ratings. Besides, the domestic movies recaptured a ten-month dominance over the Hong Kong market and defeated the American and European films.
The ghost films became blockbusters and every filmmakers went in pursuit of the relevant topics. However, it resulted in the repeatedly adoption of the same materials due to the limited choice of this genre.
The Education Committee of the Control Yuan advised the Bureau of Cultural Affairs to consider that the screenplays of local films should be pre-examined.

1970

The Golden Horse Awards cancelled the individual rewards and applied the small-scale prize due to the prosperity of film industry and the high-earnings of the cinematic figures. It intended to confer trophy to highlight the honor of the award-winners.
The Central Motion Picture Cooperation announced the film production plan of Year 1970. It hoped to release at least ten films in one-year period and the first kickoff was The Story of Tin-Ying.
The Bureau of Cultural Affairs, Ministry of Education decided to enact the Film Industry Law.
In July, the entertainment industry and filmmakers pleaded to the authority concerned for the reduction of entertainment tax rates.
The developing and printing techniques of color films reached to maturity. Hence, the [Hong Kong] United Colorific Entertainment Co. Ltd officially commenced to operate its business.
The shooting of the first color animation The Turtle and the Hare winded up in September and provided children a healthy film for entertainment.

1971

The film industry brewed to set up self-discipline provisions to restrain the movie actors from participating any TV performance. It was thus referred as the "Film and TV performance Segregation Treaty."
Discontent with the elite policy ruled by [Hong Kong] Kuo Tai Entertainment, the directors and actors/actress sequentially rescind the contracts to their agent.
The Bureau of Cultural Affairs called for conferences to finalize measures that urged the domestic films being brought to international film festivals. It targeted at lowering the taxes levied on the cinematic equipments as well as the entertainment.
The Bureau of Cultural Affairs indicated that the tentative draft of Film Industry Act would be renamed as the Film Act. It listed distinctive definitions regarding artistic, cultural and educational functions of films.
The Taiwan Film Production Society stated that the production of domestic films had plunged at least 5 to 10 times. The theatres were about to suffer from a financial deficit.
Chang Che expressed that the local films were facing a dim future and the only resolution was to utilize all possible themes beyond any restraint.
The Bureau of Cultural Affairs framed "the quota of imported foreign films regulation" to import foreign films with an identical procedure.
The Kung Fu Movies hit the bottom line in Hong Kong film market. It heralded the gradual decline of domestic action films.

1972

The Bureau of Cultural Affairs decided to reform the rigid awarding rituals. It scheduled to finalize the Winners List on Oct. 14 yet not to release until the awarding ceremony on Oct 30. Unfortunately, some jury revealed the outcome to the press right on Oct 14 and let the news expose to the public.
The General Public Entertainment Co. Ltd was founded by the trainees, Hu Chen-Ding, Lee Hsing, and Pai Ching-Jui who resigned from the Central Motion Picture Cooperation. It was highly valued by the Golden Horse Film Festival due to their conscientious and cautious attitude.
The Taipei Police Department decided to clamp down on the obscene movie advertisings. The Bureau of Cultural Affairs also reinforced the monitoring of public theatres.
The Bureau of Cultural Affairs waged a war against the combat and porno films, which resulted in the shift of film-making trend. It was foreseeable that the literary films were about to lead the trend.
The export of domestic films broke the record in terms of the quantities (more than 150 films), the distributed areas (over 53 countries) and the revenue (above four hundred million NT dollars).
The Bureau of Cultural Affairs announced to limit the length of the film aired in TV. Films in lack of the cultural education significance were prohibited from being screened to the public.
Following the Singapore, Thailand and Indonesia's policy, the Hong-Kong Film Censorship Authority imposed severe restrictions on the combat scenes. It induced the predicament of Kong Fu movies in overseas market and triggered the filmmakers' sense of panic.
Bruce Lee began to stared films for the Shaw Brothers Studio and earned an astonishing payment over twenty-five millions HK dollars. It set the record of the highest remuneration ever received.

1973

The Bureau of Cultural Affairs announced to entirely inhibit the production and screen of fighting and porno films since January. Meanwhile, it strengthened the implementation of film censorship and relevant measures. Whoever failed to head the ordinances shall be severely punished.
The best feature films Endurance was the first Kung Fu movies favored by the jury of Golden Horse Award. People speculated that it had something to do with its political issues.
The Way Of The Dragon was performed by Bruce Lee and released by the International Federation of Films. Its box office receipt exceeded a total amount of eight millions and seventy hundred thousands NT dollars, which triumphed the revenue of The Love Eterne.
The film censorship committee was to be established. Professionals who specialized on films and came from the Law and Literature field were recruited to form a review group. If the director were unsatisfied with his film being accused of violating any regulations, he could apply for a reexamination to prove its justice.
The films exported to Europe and United States were discovered dubbing foreign songs as the background music, which provoked the copyright dispute.
Bruce Lee died unexpectedly in July 20.
Newspapers in San Francisco reported that the Kung Fu movies overwhelmed the film markets of Europe and United States.
The termination of the Bureau of Cultural Affairs, Ministry of Education was approved by the Central Standing Committee (KMT). It was commented as "the Golden Horse Awards dragged the GIO down to the snare." The Government Information Office of the Executive Yuan, therefore, set up the Department of Motion Picture Affairs to administrate film-related issues.

1974

June: The 20th Asian Film Festival was taken place in Taipei. Awards were conferred by the organization-in-charge under chaotic and disorganized condition. Breaking the record of its film history, Taiwan alone had earned a total of 21 awards.
For the second time, the official announced the cancellation of the Golden Horse Awards for the reason of insufficient manpower and financial shortage.

1975

The movie, Shia Nu (A Touch of Zen), directed by Mr. King Hu was selected for the Festival de Cannes in France, and won the Grand Technical Prize. This was the very first Chinese film that had awarded in western international film festival.
February 9th: Grand opening of the "Chinese Movie and Culture Center." Vice president, Mr. Yen, Chia-Kan, paid a visit to the center.
The Judicial Yuan delivered a message to the Government Information Office to prohibit the use of argot in movie dialogue in Chinese-speaking films.
The selecting procedure had revised for the outstanding educational film. Only Chinese-speaking films would be recognized officially. The movie, Land of the Undaunted, was selected as the first outstanding educational film.
The Government Information Office made a request to the Ministry of Economic Affairs to support the film industry as recipient for investment promotion.
April: Fourteen movie theaters in Taipei City gave a trial for selling advance booking tickets. However the action was called off after four months because of uncontrollable and overflowed scalpers.

1976

To sustain the survival of the film industry, movie and film organizations made a request to government official for exempt in taxing foreign films property right and income tax
The Central Motion Picture Corporation introduced an underwater photographic swimming pool, and was open to public.
Based on a report from NY Times, in Taiwan movies had attracted 235 million viewers to the theaters last year. Each viewer had seen an average of 15 movies per year.
Motion Picture and Theatre Association hosted a forum to discuss the development of a treaty on "film industry workers' life self-discipline." In September, the treaty was legalized officially. For workers such as actor or actress, violation of the treaty would result in penalization.
To facilitate the production of quality films, the Motion Picture Development Fund decided to offer incentives or cash reward to winning films or film makers.
Chyong, Yao and Ping, Hsin-Tou established the "Big Star Entertainment Company," and produced its first movie ¡V could have Romance.

1977

National Tax Administration started to tax high salaried movie actors/actress, based on their remunerations for each film.
The selection criteria for outstanding movie script had revised. A cash reward of 100,000 Taiwan dollars would be given to the first place film.
February: In the third film forum, the Government Information Office had come to the decisions to encourage the introduction of foreign films, to increase the supplement of equipment, to cut tax for negative purchasing, and to allow more corporations between local and international filmmakers.
In Taipei, the proposal on adjusting the movie ticket price was denied by the Ministry of Economic Affairs. Ticket price remained at the maximum of 40 Taiwan dollars for each domestic film, and 70 dollars for each foreign film.
Golden Harvest Ltd. attempted to make western film, in order to expand its market to international communities.
The Central Motion Picture Corporation started to practice life-recording technique during film making process. In addition, equipment for simultaneous recording was purchased.
Due to Thai government's submissive attitude toward the political suppression from Chinese Communists, Taiwan had withdrawn its participation in Asian Film Festival this year.

1978

The procedure for Golden Horse Award conferment had changed significantly this year. First, the juries decided the lists of nominees for each category, then selected the winners on the day of ceremony and sealed the results in envelopes. Later in the ceremony, the award presenters unsealed the envelopes and announced the winners accordingly.
To prevent tax evasion, more restricted tax regulations had applied to movie actors/actresses. For instance, signing a formal contract was mandatory, faking the contract or being dishonest on the tax report was prohibited.
The Chinese Motion Picture Studios Association and the Central Motion Picture Corporation founded the movie technician training center.
In March, the Chinese Film Library was inaugurated in Taipei City.
The competitions among theater businesses were extremely intense because the numbers of new theaters had increased sharply during this period of time.
For the first time in history, the music of the movie He Never Gives Up was dubbed by grand band consisted of 50 people.
The movie A Journey of Love was the first film in the past 25 years to use simultaneous recording technique in U.S.

1979

Mr. James Soong was assigned as the director-general of the Government Information Office. He proposed the "style," "creation," "research" as the spirits, and suggested the "professionalization," "artistic expression," and "internationalization" as the goals for film production. New policies to advance the quality of Golden Horse Awards included the involvement of juries with varied expertise, registration for competition via the original film distributors, two-staged process for winner selection, expansion of the style of the ceremony to soiree scale, and the invitation of internationally well-known super stars such as Elizabeth Taylor as award presenter.
The Best Writing Award had divided into two categories: the original screenplay and the adapted screenplay.
Besides local films, the Golden Horse Awards had also introduced foreign films for local film industry to study and learn by hosting forums and conferences.
"Guidance and regulations for film industry and its personnel" was proclaimed and carried out.
On May 1st, the Department of Motion Picture Affairs announced that actor/actress must have certificate in order to take part in a film. Kenny Bee (Zhong, Zhentao), was the first actor from Hong Kong who received the certificate.
Stipend from the legal right for foreign film quota would be transferred as the Domestic Film Guidance Fund.
The movie, Z Men, was first collaborative production by Taiwan and Australia. Australian actor, Mel Gibson, was one of the leading actors in the film.

1980

The Government Information Office had loosened up the regulations for censorship. However, the appearance of the leader or symbols of Chinese Communists in the films was under strict inspection.
The president of the Central Motion Picture Corporation, Ming Chi, announced five principles for making better films: to actual practice and follow the film making manual, to plan the details ahead thoroughly, to restrict the selection process for topic or story of the film, to discover and cultivate young generation film creators, and to offer assistance to local film makers.
The Government Information Office proposed three principles to manage the underground video problem: the distributors must register according to official regulations, tapes had to send to the official for inspection, and the distributors had to report to local police department when showing the film in public.
The poster for Golden Horse Awards was accused for plagiarism.
The actor/actress' certificates issued by the Government Information Office and the Ministry of Education respectively could be used interchangeably.
Film distributors' business ran down due to elevated cost for film production. The Central Motion Picture Corporation had experienced serious financial crisis.
In November, the Golden Horse Film Festival hosted a forum for newly emerged directors from Hong Kong with the purpose of information exchange. Representatives from Hong Kong included: Tsui Hark, Patrick Tam, Ann Hui, Yim Ho, and Jack Neo.

1981

The rampancy of pirated videos had impacted the legal local film business seriously.
The Government Information Office outlined the Motion Picture Law, and revised the foreign film quota regulations.
In October, the Commercial Times News criticized the political film - The Battle for the Republic of China - produced by the Central Motion Picture and caused a fierce dispute among media
The last showing of the movie, Chen-San & Wu-Niang (³¯¤T¤®Q), declared the end of an era for Taiwanese-dialect films.
The Government Information Office regulated all motion picture distributors that when inviting foreign actor/actress to take part in domestic movies, the official inspection on movie script was required beforehand.
The draft of the Motion Picture Law strictly described the interval length between two movies in theaters, and managed the trash problem in order to maintain the cleanness of the theaters.
To reward and encourage outstanding film workers behind the scene, the cash reward for the Golden Horse Awards had raised to 200,000 Taiwan dollars.
My Grandfather, the film nominated in Golden Horse Awards, was found to have mismatch on producing date. After inspecting related document by the Government Information Office, the film's qualification for nomination remained.

1982

The awards for outstanding fiction, and documentary had cancelled and were replaced by the nominated films. In addition, the awards for the best planning and the best photography in documentary had cancelled.
The Best music was divided into two categories: the Best Original Music and the Best Re-arranged Music. Besides, the Best Custom Design was added to the Golden Horse Awards.
The scale for the International Film Festival had expanded. A total of 15 local and 60 foreign films had been shown.
The Government Information Office cancelled the regulation on script inspection, instead inspecting the film directly, with the participation of people with various expertise in the process.
The Golden Horse winner for the best film The Battle for the Republic of China had triggered serious dispute and criticism. Local organizations such as China Times News selected the Hong Kong movie, Man on the Brink as the best film, while the United Daily News chose The Green, Green Grass of Home, directed by Hou, Hsiao-hsien, as the same title.
The Government Information Office released the regulations on the import of videotapes. Tapes with copy rights and without obscene contents were permitted to be imported and distributed to public three to six months after showing in local movie theaters.

1983

The Government Information Office invited 10 domestic film and motion picture organizations to participate in the Golden Horse Awards preparation work. It was the beginning of the corporation between the official and the locals.
January, the movie rating system had put into practice.
The experiment on simultaneous recording conducted by the Central Motion Picture was proofed to be successful. The same techniques would be applied to its latest movie.
In Taipei city, the application of advance booking ticket via telephone had started.
Filming organizations accepted loans from distributors for film production. Chiao Tung Bank had lent 200 million Taiwan dollars as loans. Each film company was limited to receive the loan of 10 million Taiwan dollars in maximum.
As a result of over-production of poor quality movies, at least 32 movie theaters closed down each month.
International Film Festival had shown 53 films from 14 countries. In addition, to develop research on local movie studies, the information on representative local films and influential directors in the seventies was collected.
This year, movies from Hong Kong had won the best writing, the best director, the best actor/actress, and many more awards in the Golden Horse Awards. Awardees gave acceptance speech in Cantonese during the ceremony. The situation (of failure to win important awards) frustrated the Taiwanese film industry very much.

1984

The Golden Horse Awards were transferred to the civil motion picture groups to conduct major events. A consensus was reached to put the entrance tickets of the awarding ceremony into sale.
The Government Information Office decided not to invite foreign stars to attend the Golden Horse Film Festival. On the contrary, the playwrights and the directors were to be invited as distinguished guests to participate.
The best feature film Growing Up set a precedent example of "Taiwan's New Cinema" being granted the Golden Horse Award.
The scope of Golden Horse Special Award was narrowed down into two specific categories: the Child Star as well as the Martial Arts Instructor. The age of child star ranged from 6 to 12 years old.
In June, the Central Motion Picture Corporation celebrated its 31st anniversary. Meanwhile, Lin Teng-Fei succeeded to the general manager after Ming Ji retired from CMPC.
In August, the Chief of Government Information Office James Soong, acclaimed as the bosom friend of filmmakers, was assigned to the position as the director of Literary and Artistic Commission (KMT).
The ban posed on the import of Japanese films for ten years was finally lifted. Nevertheless, there were still certain interdicts unresolved.
The Labor Union of Theater decided to lower the ticket price of domestic films screened in Taipei.

1985

The filmmakers encountered the bottleneck in producing domestic films and therefore actively searched for available topics. In consequence, directors and playwrights became extremely popular in the film market. The payment of the former had even surged up to one million NT dollars.
According to the statistics provided by the Labor Union of Theaters, fifty theaters (amongst the total of four hundred) busted up since last December to this January. The economic situation remained sluggish for the film industry.
The Golden Horse Awards cancelled the Best Child Star Award and added the Best Documentary Director instead.
The Jury committee cancelled the evaluation on the theme of films but included the director's creativity to score. The whole process made known to the public was the initiative in the history of Golden Horse Film Festival. Due to the absence of documentary films, the jury suggested to separate documentaries from educational films for their subtle difference. This proposal had provoked strong protest and disapproval.
Most of the New Cinema films failed to attract the target audience for a considerable time. It caused the fierce debate on "New Cinema" films, for instance: A Time to Live and a Time to Die, amongst the jurors of the Golden Horse Award. The jury was thus split into 2 factions of "pro-Hou" and "anti-Hou" (i.e. Hou Hsiao-hsien) to a great extent. It served to inflame the long-existing discrepancy between the new versus old critic styles.
The Labor Union of Film Distributors contended to cease the observation and exchange of international films, which caused a controversial debate over the culture and interest-oriented issues.
The GIO gave permission to the late show of film in Taipei City yet ruled no later than 1 o'clock after midnight.

1986

In August, the Government Information Office declared to abolish the foreign films quota system and suspend The Collection Methods of Government's Domestic Film Guidance Fund. Meanwhile, the Executive Yuan allotted ten million NT dollars to the Department of Motion Picture Affairs as the fund to subsidize domestic films.
The Central Motion Picture Cooperation re-adopted the basic actor/actress system. Yang Hui-Shan and Ke Jun-Xiong both signed the contract to commit a regular performance.
The film industry requested the Golden Horse Award handover to the Government Information Office. The chief Chan King-Yuh replied it needed be further discussed.
Broadcasting Development Fund was firstly applied to cultivate the talents and to set up the scholarship in educational institutions.
The National Tax Administration agreed to reduce the income tax to encourage Hong Kong professionals return to make films.
Seven hundred and thirty-eight film distributors released no films within one year, which caused the Government Information Office revoke their licenses in conformity of the laws.
The Golden Horse Awards committee performed the censorship by rating but not trimming the films.
The great hit Better Tomorrow triggered the filming of similar genre. The Government Information Office showed a profound concern towards a series of the realistic Gangster Movies being made.

1987

The first Art-based Movie Theater of Taiwan inaugurated at Taipei City on January 23.
The box office of spring break this year has grown 20-30 % than that of same period of time of last years, thus stimulating businesspersons to invest.
Recession in Movie Market caused actors / actresses turned themselves into taxi drivers and only thought of acting a part-time job.
Central Motion Pictures Corporation awarded prizes to two directors, Edward Yang and Ko I-cheng, and set forth to encourage new emerging directors to make films.
The Government Information Office called for a meeting "Movie rating system and Consultative Hearing," adding parental guidance to the movie ranting system.
In order to guide domestic film to apply the business management scale, the Film Foundation thus established the Film Development Information Center.
New film censorship system was introduced in December, with the first check by government and second by public figures.
A Time to Live and a Time to Die ranked first in Hong Kong Film Award top 10 Chinese Films Golden Prize, and The Matrimony ranked the eighth.

1988

Three-rank system for film started to put into practice on January 1st, though the situation was chaotic and theaters didn't have a clear mark.
Annual film production in Taiwan in this year only totaled up to 30, only one fifth of that of Hong Kong.
The Government Information Office solicited for good drama script, but failed to draw the attention of the public; thus, it decided to call for a meeting with producers and theater executives for further communication.
The Love Eterne which had kept the highest record in 18 successive year in domestic films carried on the forth performance on March 8.
Film company/producer allied together to urge our government to open up the policy for film-making in Mainland China.
The International Cannes Film Festival expel our national flag twice under suppress from Mainland China. Our representatives strongly expressed our remonstration to this treatment and earned later an apology from the CEO of the Festival about this hauling- down flag event.
The Golden Horse Prize set forth inauguration meeting, ordaining Pai Ching-jui the general secretary in chief, as well as establishing an international team in charge of market-boosting and international guest accommodation.
In December, Hou Hsiao-hsien started filming City of Sadness, using new equipment of simultaneous recording and inviting celebrities from cultural field, namely Jan Hung-Tze, Wu Nien-Chen, Chang Da-Chung and Hsieh Tsai-Juan, as guest performers..

1989

The 26th Golden Horse Prize became 1989 Taipei Golden Horse International Film Festival, processed by the government instead of hosting by any civil motion film group. In addition to domestic film competition, the Festival host an international film competition, called on the awarded films from world wide, granted prizes after the jury and invited international film professional to joint the juror group. Later, due to the unfair judgment, the international competition was under an international boycotted and ceased to carry on.
In May, the Executive Yuan announced the film regulation after lifting the martial law.
In September, City of Sadness by Hou Hsiao-hsien won the prestigious Golden Lion Award in the 46th Venice International Film Festival, holding the highest achievement of Taiwanese New Cinema in the 80s. With the aura of international film festival and the tackling the forbidden topic, it marked the highest record of box office in Taiwan.
The Government Information Office began to loosen the ban on domestic filmmakers to shoot films on Mainland China, under certain conditions.
Two films that had acquired the Government's Domestic Film Guidance Fund changed their major plans in production, revealing a lack of prudent verification of the Government Information Office.
The Government Information Office, aiming at cleansing the notoriety of pirate kingdom, indicated that videos pirated would be strictly confiscated, the illegal pirate business torn down and license revoked.
Under the long term depression in Film, 199 theaters had closed down.

1990

The hosting committee of the Golden Horse Prize shifted from government back to civil motion film group, setting up a permanent executive committee on July 24th of the same year, and director Lee Hsiang took up the post of the first chairperson of the committee. This executive committee had gone through a thorough reform by reinforcing the database in archive and allowing media overall attending the final jury process through the closed-circuit television for public trust.
The categories of the Golden Horse Prize had some changes¡Xadding "best animation movie award" and "best modeling design in feature films," while "best documentary director," "best cartoon" and "best costume design" were cancelled. "Best original script" changed to "best original script in feature films"; "best original music" combined with "best music editing" into "best film music in feature films. "
The Labor Union of Theaters decided to raise the ticket price by 20 dollars, almost exceeding over 20% of the previous price.
The Government Information Office budgeted forty million NT dollars to assist 11 domestic film productions for the year to come.
Unsatisfied with government's mainland policy of way too conservative, the Film Industry decided to go to Legislative Yuan to present petition for exchange policy for films of cross-Strait.
The Golden Horse Award set a new direction of featuring domestic films and canceling the international competition. The budget of eighteen million NT dollars for this year was six million short from the budget of what the Government Information Office had suggested.
Red Dust was questioned in its validation in participating Golden Horse Award due to the actors/actress from China, resulting that the Tang Chen Films of Taiwan urgently provided a non-professional certificate for performers from China.

1991

The Government Information Office managed to draft "Special Mention" of the Golden Horse Award for Chinese filmmakers. The executive committee tried to invite Chinese directors to be part of jurors and strongly urged Chinese filmmakers come to Taiwan to attend the Festival, but failed to reach this goal due to the government's cross-Strait policy.
By Sep. 30th, the due day for entry of the Taipei Golden Horse Film Festival, there were 27 feature films, 10 non-feature films and 1 animation movie answering to the call for entry, marking the lowest record in feature films ever in the history.
The categories of the Taipei Golden Horse Awards divided into two parts: feature films and non-feature films (including documentary and animation), inviting people from cultural circles for the jury.
Christopher Doyle (Duke-feng), a cinematographer from Australia, staged a protest to the Taipei Golden Horse Awards for excluding non-Chinese works from participating.
Admitted by Lee Hsiang, the overflowing categories of the Taiwan Golden Horse Award caused the public denounce. Lee promised to improve it next year.
More film distributors of Taiwan and Hong Kong gave up the film industry in Taiwan and went to Mainland China for making films.
The Government Information Office announced a plan in invigorating domestic films with a total budget of sixteen hundred millions, as part of a six-year-project for national construction. This was the biggest and most concrete and practical guiding strategy by the government for the movie industry.

1992

The executive committee deleted "international" from the Festival of this year and went back to the original name of "the Golden Horse Awards."
The Golden Horse Awards added "martial art guidance award" in the categories. For extending the participation from public, the Festival also increased the categories of "audience chose best picture," "audience chose best director" and "audience chose best actor/actress" and "audience chose best supporting actor/actress."
The government's Domestic Film Guidance Fund budgeted forty million NT dollars, the highest record ever.
The time table for lifting the ban on foreign films was set up. Once we got into GATT, all the restriction would be cancelled.
Maggie Cheung awarded the best actress of Berlin International Film Festival by Center Stage.
Satellite television programs will be a serious threat to the film and television enterprises of Taiwan.
The Government Information Office announced that the government planned to loosen up the restriction against actors/actresses from Mainland China in half a year, turning them popular amongst producers.
The Taipei Golden Horse Award Executive Committee confirm the list of films from Mainland China for the feature of this year, only to screen these films right after the promulgation from the government's policy.

1993

For celebration of the 30th Anniversary of the Taipei Golden Horse Awards and the Year of Cinema, Special Mention for Mainland cinema figures was established and the Memorial Awards were presented to 32 senior cinema figures, in addition to the invitation to the delegation of cinema figures of Mainland China.
In March, Farewell My Concubine was forbidden after twice sensors, due to the amount of the roles played by Mainlanders was over half amount, as the current regulation had set. Later in May, it won the Golden Palm at Cannes, causing legislators' interrogation towards the Executive Yuan and asking the Executive Yuan to amend inappropriate administrative decrees.
The Government Information Office announced "the regulation of the government's Domestic Film Guidance Fund for 1994," accepting the registration of Mainland playwright under Excellent Screen Play Award.
The Public Works Department of the Taipei City Government cut off the water and power supply of ten unqualified theaters in safety, resulting that the Taipei Cinema Groups declared to request the suspension of the Taipei Golden Horse Award and withdraw from the activities of the Year of Cinema.
The Central Motion Picture Corporation returned the Government's Domestic Film Guidance Fund required once by The Wedding Banquet, the first case of returning the total amount of the Fund.

1994

The chief executive of Golden Horse Film Festival Committee, Lee Hsiang, resigned to serve as the consultant. Jang Fen-Chi, the president of Motion Picture Fund Associate, was assigned to temporarily fill this vacancy.
Wedding Banquet and Farewell to My Concubine were both nominated as the Best Foreign Language Film in the 66th Oscar Academy Awards.
Warner Bros established a branch office called the department of "Warner Asian Pacific" in Taipei, meanwhile, it opted A Confucian Confusion as the initial local film to release. In addition, it worked with the National Institute of the Arts to proceed vocational education programs.
The New Movie Rating System began to put into practice. Films were classified into four categories: General Audiences (GA), Parental Guidance Suggested (PGS), Parents Strongly Cautioned (PSC), and Restricted (R).
Mainland Affairs Council claimed to follow the primary structure of "Provisions Governing Relations with Hong Kong and Macau." In other words, Cantonese films produced in would still represent "Hong Kong Economic and Administrative Special Zone" instead of Mainland China though Hong Kong was handed over to its "motherland" in 1997,
Taipei Labor Union of Film Distributors urged the Government Information Office to open the copy of imported foreign films and the number of theatres to public access.
The 2nd conference hosted by the Golden Horse Award Executive Committee resolved that films unable to comply with half of the regulations were not allowed to partake in the Golden Horse Film Festival. There should be no exception to films that earned the international film festival's recognition in Category One and granted the performing license. Consequentially, Farewell to My Concubine and To Live were not permitted to join the competition after all.
Vive L'Amour directed by Tsai Ming-liang won the best feature film in the 51st Silver Lion Award in Venice.

1995

The jury system of Golden Horse Award evolved into a two-stage procedure: In the first stage, the jury nominees were selected from the units from film industry and professionals. In the second stage, representatives from the film organizations and experts were assigned to co-host the finals.
The scandal erupted that some jury nominees in the 1st stage entrusted others to preview the films of the competition and only one jury viewed through the entire motion pictures. The public opinion unanimously condemned such an irresponsible deed.
The renowned actress in 1940s Jeanette Lin died unexpectedly of asthma on Feb. 22.
The Executive Yuan verified and approved to raise the amount of Government's Domestic Film Guidance Fund up to one hundred million NT dollars.
The Central Post Office issued the commemorative stamps in accordance with the film's centennial anniversary.
The film critic Chiao Hsiung Ping raised the fund of approximately five million NT dollars to establish the Film and Culture Development Foundation, referred as "Taiwan Film Center" to the public. He planed to publish Xiao Fang-fang ¡¥s autobiography in September and hold his retrospective show. By the year-end, he opened the animation course to promote a fundamental training for film enthusiasts.
The film distributors roughly estimated that the domestic films faced the annual deficit up to four hundred millions NT dollars till August.

1996

The Time Magazine published an article on the booming of the Chinese film industry which gave an eight-page detailed account of the film businesses going on in China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan
Ang Lee's Sense and Senility and Edward Yang's Ma-jiang took Golden Bear for Best Film and special Grand Jury Prize respectively at the 46th Berlin International Film Festival.
The GIO (Government Information Office) called on the movie theater operators, the film distributors, and the filmmakers that received the 1996 governmental funds to hold a meeting on the preparatory work of the films being made. In order to make the best use of the funds, the committee reached the consensus to increase the number of the applicants on the waiting list.
The Golden Horse Committee announced the newly appended prize "Best Short Film" for 35mm and 16mm feature films (60-min).
The deadline for all applications in the festival program was in September. The number of the films submitted reached a new high, which added up to 90, including those films made in Hong Kong and China. There were 65 feature films, 5 documentaries, 3 animations, and 27 short films.
Su Chi, Head of the GIO, awarded Ang Lee the Medal of Honor in New York for his outstanding achievements in the field of filmmaking and the promotion of Taiwanese movies.
The renowned director Lee Han-hsiang died of heart stroke on December 17 in Beijing during the filming of Emperor's Palace Burned Down.

1997

The GIO issued an official note on the regulations of the screening of China-made films in Taiwan, according to which registrations were to be made on the assigned dates. For the Chinese films that had been awarded Best Film, the applicants from China were not requested to enter into the said registration procedures for the airing of their productions in Taiwan, on condition that the number of the films awarded had not exceeded a number of ten.
The first Chinese director to take the honors at the Cannes Film Festival, Hu Chin-chuan, died on January 14 at the Taipei Veterans General Hospital at the age of 66.
Tsai Ming-liang's The River won him the Jury Prize and the Fipresci Award at the 47th Berlin International Film Festival.
In response to the takeover of Hong Kong to the Chinese government, the GIO modified the regulations on the import of the films from Hong Kong. Films imported from Hong Kong had not fallen into the category of China-made movies; however, according to the related regulations, those considered to be the political propaganda of the Chinese Communist remained banned in Taiwan.
The 1998 Domestic Film Guidance Fund was then open to applications, including those made by individuals. The budget increased to NTD1, 200, 00,000 dollars.
The Committee announced the names of the jury members and the related regulations of the program. Not including Grand Jury Prize and Special Award, the selection of the films for competition underwent the new procedures, according to which films were to be chosen by each one independent jury.
The twice-awarded director Pai Ching-jui, whose works (Lonely Seventeen and The Bride and I) once won him the prizes for two consecutive years, died of heart attack at Cathay General Hospital on December 12.

1998

The Golden Horse Committee convened its first annual meeting in February by having an agenda focusing on the probabilities of the collaboration of the Chinese moviemakers from Taiwan, Hong Kong, and China. The meeting also touched upon the question of the significances and the peculiarities of the Golden Horse, Asian, and Taipei Film festivals. Consideration was made by the committee to release the broadcasting rights to the TV companies and, meanwhile, to let the new director start his/her office as soon as possible, so as to enter into the program planning and look for commercial sponsorships.
To encourage the marketing of Taiwanese movies on the world stage in the many international festivals, the GIO budgeted NTD10, 000,000 dollars to help the Taiwanese filmmaking companies promote their productions overseas.
Copyright royalties remained the only one profitable area in the sluggish Taiwanese film industry. The distributors later made a joint statement which explained their "wait-and-see" policy on the releases of the homemade movies for the next half year. Their statement led to a controversial discussion and had thus upset the parties in the related businesses.
With a view to a fairer and disinterested censorship, the GIO dismissed its Standards Committee and formed a panel comprising school teachers, sociology and psychology researchers, and women groups to participate in the film censorship.
The movie theater operators were granted a budget of NTD15, 000,000 dollars from the GIO annually, which was aimed at promoting homemade films according to the government policy.
Li Tien-lu, the glove puppet master, 90 years then, died at home at San-chih, Taipei County, on August 13.
The Golden Horse Committee noted Tsai Ming-liang (director), Wu I-feng (jury member), and Pin-lu's (jury member) withdrawal from the festival program, saying that there would be no further appointment or employment relations between the committee and the said individuals.

1999

Chen Kuo-fu's The Personals, together with Lin Cheng-sheng's March of Happiness and Chang Tso-chi's Darkness and Light, was made part of the official selection in "Un certain re-gard" and "Directors' Fortnight" at the 52nd Cannes Film Festival.
Layover, directed by the NTUA (National Taiwan University of Arts) student Shen Ko-Shang, was nominated by the committee of the Cannes Film Festival for the Student Filmmakers. Shen became the first Taiwanese student in the nomination for this film competition.
The number of the jury members of the awards, originally set up as 17, was cut down to 9. Meanwhile, the members from the committee and the film foundation should not take part in the jury affairs.
The council held for the annual fund project reached a conclusion that only Taiwan nationals are entitled to the government fund project, which has been set up to encourage domestic film production.
The CMPC (Central Motion Picture Corporation) announced its 45th anniversary on September 1 by giving a film festival on the bustling streets of Hsimenting in downtown Taipei.
Located at Wu-feng, Taichung, the building of the TFCC (Taiwan Film Culture Company) sustained severe damages in the devastating earthquake of September 21. Many of the important documentaries, fortunately, had been salvaged from the file room and are now being stored in the film library located at Shu-lin, Taipei.

2000

The committee held its 1st annual meeting in January. The members of the executive board were allowed to carry out the programs according to their own professional fields.
The fund, NTD50, 000,000 in total, was granted from the GIO. A portion of the fund had been reserved for costs of camera films and negatives, while NTD25, 000,000 was used for the setting up of a post-production center.
Yi Yi (A One and A Two) won Edward Yang Best Director at the closing of the 53rd Cannes Film Festival. Meanwhile, Best Actor and CTS technology prize respectively went to Tony Leung and the technical staff of the film In the Mood for Love.
To promote public participation in the creating of digital video works, the program had included a non-official competition (Digital Vision, Let's Go!) for DV works made by amateurs. A total of 20 works were selected and screened during the festival.
The CMPC planned to rebuild Chinese Culture and Movie Center into a large recreation center. Large-scale film studios in Taiwan would become history once the project is implemented.
The deadline for the applications was set at the end of November. Many of the films submitted then had been the productions invested by international companies. Less limitation was made to the competition. The spirit was to encourage the local filmmakers to vie for Grand and Special Jury Prizes. There were no restrictions to the sources of the investments, be they from overseas countries.
In November, the CMPC issued a notice calling for public tenders for sale of the China Movie Theater. This was almost considered as "a general withdrawal" of the theater operators from the market of Taiwanese films.

2001

The Film Foundation came to the decision that the staff of the Gold Horse Committee be subject to a contract employment as equal to the length of the term served by the director. Also, appointments and employments of the staff were to be made by the new committee.
The GIO announced the newly-added application regulations for the government's Domestic Film Guidance Fund. Applications made through proposals then would not be accepted. The applications would thus undergo a two-stage assessment.
The Golden Horse Committee amended the organization agenda in February, according to which the director elected should serve a term for two years, and during the office he or she should not involve him/herself in the personnel and expenditure affairs, while the secretary general and the staff members are subject to contract employments which last for one year, while the office of Deputy Secretary-General and Councilor be canceled and the number of the committee members cut down from 13-15 to 9-11.
At the 51st Berlin International Film Festival, Lin Cheng-sheng and Angelica Lee were nominated for Best Director and Best New Performer.
Ang Lee's Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon picked up Best Foreign Film, Best Cinematographer, Best Art Direction, and Best Original Score at the Academy Awards ceremony.
In May, the renowned recording engineer Du Du-chih won Best Technology Prize for the two pictures, Millennium Mambo and What Time Is It There? at the Cannes Film Festival.
The CMPC closed down the China Movie Theater on June 23, ending the business which had been going on for 65 years.
The project of the refurbishment of the Red Playhouse, a movie theater built during the colonial times of the Japanese occupation, was postponed and eventually entered into the procedures of contract operation for the following year.

2002

It has been twenty years since the new tendency of Taiwanese movies formed from 1982 to 1986. The Golden Horse Committee has announced this year's film tour that starts in October, during which a total of 28 movies will be aired. Some directors and famous actors will make their appearance at the opening, including Wang Tung, Chen Kuen-hou, Yang Kui-mei, Yang Chieh-mei, Wen-ying, and You An-shun.
The committee of the Golden Horse Awards turned down the participation request from some political figures who might be invited to give speeches or act as awards presenters for courtesy reasons during the ceremony. This was thought to be a self-dwarfing act of the committee and had invited severe criticism from the public. However, the ex- and incumbent directors, Li Hsing and Wang Hsiao-hsiang, further explained that the report had been over-politicized, and that the committee had never in a time rejected participation of political celebrities at the many ceremonies.
Yee Chih-yen refused to submit his internationally acclaimed film Blue Gate Crossing to compete in the Golden Horse Awards for the reason of his objection to the selection procedures of the committee, giving up the opportunity for the competition in the Golden Horse festival program.
Date digitization became one of the important state projects. Following the proposals made by the GIO departments to incorporate suchlike efforts, the government budgeted NTD800, 000,000 dollars to promote digitized publications. The said project was to be put into practice for the year to come.
The Taiwanese directors were greatly acclaimed at the Cannes Film Festival, during which Cheng Wen-tang's Somewhere Over the Dreamland was awarded Best Film of the International Critics' Week, while Lin Tai-chou's Blue Plague was nominated as Best Long Film for the "New Field." Meanwhile, Chang Tso-chi's The Best of Times was the only one Chinese movie that entered into the official competition.

2003

Starting from September 1, 2003, China has strictly restricted the entry of films co-filmed by the film productions across the Taiwan Straits into the Golden Horse Awards, thereby subjecting the Golden Horse Awards Ceremony to the difficult "internal problems and external conflicts" that had been unprecedented by the past years. The problems included the under-production of Taiwanese films, and the non-entry of films co-filmed by both Hong Kong and China's film production companies into the Golden Horse Film Festival.
Entrees for the 40th Golden Horse Film Festival included a total of 28 feature films, 11 short films, 5 documentaries, and 3 animation films. The number of entries for feature films broke a record of being the second to the last in these 40 years, with only 8 Taiwanese feature films as entries, which set its low record in the past years.
The centenarian director, Ms. Yuan Tsung-Mei, was awarded the "Lifelong Achievement Award of the Golden Horse Awards."
The trophies of the Golden Horse Awards had remained the same since 1993 till the last year, without any change to their designs. In addition of their new golden appearance, the weight of the trophies of the 40th Golden Horse Awards was reduced from 2.7kg. to 1.8kg.
For the first time in these 40 years, the Golden Horse Awards invited the winner of the Best Leading Actress of the 39th Golden Horse Awards, Ms. Lee Sin-jie, to be the advocate of the film festival in charge of film promotion.
The 40th Golden Horse Awards invited the winners of the Best Director, the Best Leading Actor and the Best Leading Actress, and the Best Supporting Actor and the Best Supporting Actress of the past Golden Horse Awards, and stars such as Chiang Ch'ing, Lu Yen, Shang Kuan Ling-Feng, Ting Shan-His, Paul Chun Pui, Elaine Kam Yin-Ling, Lee Ang, etc. returned to Taiwan to attend the Golden Horse Awards Ceremony.
For the celebration of the 40th Golden Horse Awards, the Golden Horse Awards specially organized the "40th Golden Horse Features" in which the winners of the Best Feature Film of the Golden Horse Awards were screened, and even more than that, the feature, namely, "A Tribute to Leslie Cheung" was held in commemoration of his films, and together with its first-time collaboration with Leslie Cheung's International Fan Club, the precious remains of Leslie Cheung collected by his fans were put on display.
Ms. Ariel Lin, nominee of the Best New Performer for the film tilted "Love Me, If You Can" was disqualified from the award, because of her previous performance in the film titled "Karate Girls," so she was not qualified for the Award of Best New Performer, and her nomination for the "Best New Performer" award was revoked by the Golden Horse Awards.
The 40th Golden Horse Awards Ceremony was held in the Tainan City Arts Center for the first time, and the "Nomination and Welcome Party" usually held indoors was held in the Eternal Golden Castle, a cultural heritage of Tainan City, for the first time.
The Singaporean film titled "Homerun" was nominated for the first time, and the new performer, Megan Zheng, became the first Singaporean to win the Golden Horse award.zh:金馬獎

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