Functional electrical stimulation
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Functional electrical stimulation (FES) aims to restore function in people with disabilities resulting from spinal cord injury, head injury, stroke or other neurological disorders by electrical stimulation of the muscles and nerves. Restoration of limb function is a main application of FES, for example allowing people with paraplegia to stand, or giving people with quadriplegia hand grasp function, but regulation of organ function is also important. For example, FES can be used to control bowel and bladder function in people with high-level spinal cord injury (SCI).