5th century BC
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(6th century BC - 5th century BC - 4th century BC - other centuries)
(2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium AD)
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Events
- Demotic becomes the dominant script of ancient Egypt
- Persians invade Greece twice (Persian Wars)
- Battle of Marathon (490)
- Battle of Salamis (480)
- Athenian empire rises and falls
- Peloponnesian War
- Approximate beginning of Iron Age in northern Europe
- Buddhist monastic university at Nalanda, India established.
Significant persons
- Pythagoras of Samos, Greek mathematician. See Pythagorean theorem. (582 - 496 BC).
- Gautama Buddha, founding figure of Buddhism (c. 563 - 483 BC).
- Confucius, founding figure of Confucianism (551 - 479 BC).
- Aeschylus of Athens, playwright (525 - 456 BC).
- Darius I, King of Persia (reigned 521 - 485 BC).
- Sophocles of Athens, playwright (496 - 406 BC).
- Pericles of Athens, politician (c. 495 - 429 BC).
- Herodotus of Halicarnassus, historian (c. 485 BC).
- Euripides of Athens, playwright (c. 480 - 406 BC).
- Socrates of Athens, philosopher (470 - 399 BC).
- Aristophanes of Athens, playwright (c. 446 - 385 BC).
- Darius II, king of Persia (reigned 423-404)
- Ezra and Nehemiah active in Judea.
- Tollund Man, Human sacrifice victim on the Jutland Peninsula in Denmark, possibly the earliest known evidence for worship of Odin.
Inventions, discoveries, introductions
Decades and years
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