Electrophilic aromatic substitution
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An electrophilic aromatic substitution is a chemical reaction in which a hydrogen atom of an aromatic ring is replaced by an electrophile. When the electrophile approaches the aromatic ring, the electrons are displaced. The structure gets charged due to electromeric/mesomeric effect. This leads to the formation of a pi-complex. Formation of a complex is followed by the formation of Sigma Complex. The Sigma Complex is stable due to resonance taking place.
The Attacking Groups can be classified as:
- Activating Groups
Five membered heterocyclic compounds
These compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions under much milder conditions.