Earth Federation
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The Earth Federation (地球連邦), (Chikyuu Renpou), is a fictional organization in the Universal Century timeline of the Gundam anime series.
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Organization
The Earth Federation's heraldry is a golden or white northstar, similar to that of NATO, over a horizontally lying crescent, forming an anchor-like symbol.
The Federation is loosely based on the United Nations, with a Security Council and General Assembly, but is not a successor to that organization. It is a global government that was formed by a 'rich mans' club' of wealthy nations. In Gundam, no individual nations are mentioned or continue to exist. Places are mentioned by what landmass or region they are in, such as New York City (or New Yark, according to on-screen text) and Odessa are mentioned to be located in North America and Central Asia, not the United States or Ukraine. While Japan, Australia, and Ireland are mentioned, these names refer to the landmasses and not the former countries. The only exception to this is the language and nationality of characters, which could be more based off their predecessors' former homeland before emigrating to the space colonies.
The Federation maintained a military academy at Nijmegen.
The Earth Federation Assembly, as seen in Zeta Gundam, was located in Dakar.
Until UC 0093, the Earth Federation Capital was located in Lhasa.
History
The Earth Federation was formed in the pre-Universal Century (i.e. the 20th Century), when overpopulation began causing famines, outbreaks of disease, and wars over living space, food, and resources.
Space colonization
In order to relieve the Earth of the burden and allow it to heal, the Earth Federation announced the Space Colonization Plan. The Earth Federation began the construction of orbital habitats, based on the designs and research of Gerard K. O'Neill, and located in the Earth-Lunar Lagrangian Points. The colonies, called Bunches (possibly due to the ballistic pairing of the colony cylinders) were then organized into administrative sectors called Sides. While most of the human population was forced to relocate to the colonies as part of the Space Colonization Plan, the wealthy and influential members were able to remain on Earth. This gave rise to the popular image of the Earth Federation as "Earth-Born Elite", living comfortably on Earth while the ordinary populace, for the most part, has been forced to live in space.
In order to maintain and satisfy energy concerns, the Earth Federation launches Solar Power Station Satellites, which broadcast energy to power stations on the ground. In addition, the Federation also launched the Jupiter Energy Fleet, which collect helium-3, hydrogen and methane from the upper atmosphere of the gas giant.
One Year War
See main article One Year War.
The One Year War was a year-long conflict between the Earth Federation and the Principality of Zeon, who declared independence and attacked the Earth without warning. The war was ultimately won by the Earth Federation, who disbanded the Zeon army. However, for many years on, several incidents were caused by Zeon remaining forces or loyalists.
The Gryps Conflict
See main article Gryps Conflict
The Gryps conflict was a full-scale war between the Titans, an Earth Federation elite force, and the AEUG/Karaba anti-federal forces. The war erupted when the Titans mass-murdered che civilian population of the 30 Bunch colony, to suppress peaceful demonstrations against federal politics.
The war was won by the AEUG forces, and resulted in almost total destruction of the Titans/Federal space fleet. The Earth Federation remained crippled and never again recovered.
Congress of Settlement Nations
The Earth Federation has backslid into complete irrelevance by UC0153 (Mobile Suit Victory Gundam), and it was dissolved and transformed into the Congress of Settlement Nations by UC 0223 (G-Saviour).
Military
The Earth Federation forces were organized under the moniker Earth Federal Forces, or EFF, to enforce Federation edicts. The Earth Federal Forces were organized into two groups - an Earth-based military force, which handled all military matters on ground, sea, and in Earth atmosphere, and a space military branch, the Earth Federation Space Forces or EFSF. However, in Gundam 0080 and Gundam 0083, this force was referred to as UNT Spacy, but EFSF is currently the official moniker.
Until UC 0087, the military central command for the Earth Federal Forces was located at a base called Jaburo (or Jabrow), located on the Amazon river. During the One-Year War, the base was the target of many attacks by the Principality of Zeon, including the Operation British colony drop and a decisive battle at which the remaining bulk of Zeon's Earth Attack Force made their final attempt to destroy Jaburo. Throughout the Universal Century the Earth Federal Space Force operated from their headquarters at Luna II.
Earth Federation Army
The army was the poorest equipped of all the EFF branches; it possessed outdated weaponry and training techniques. The army was caught completely by surprise when the Zeon launched their drop operation for control of the earth and subsequently spent most of the time between February and September UC 0079 in disarray and retreat. The addition of mobile suits did much to help to help out the Earth Federation Army, and in the post war years the army became a force to be feared.
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Earth Federation Navy
The Navy was a major power in the Earth Federation, and possessed several bases on the coast of California, collectively known as the California base. The Federation's navy took heavy casualties following the failed colony drop, and when the Zeon seized the California Base in the earth invasion (during the One Year War) they converted the facilities to build Zeon submarines. Although the California Base was recaptured by Federal Forces in the dieing weeks of the One Year war, the Federation never really regained control of the seas. Ships in the Federation's navy include gunboats, which appeared in the 08th MS team and an aircraft carrier, but the total number of ships and there types are not known.
Naval officers were the best trained men in the Earth Federation at the dawn of the space colonization era, and hence would become the model that the Earth Federation would turn to when they created the Earth Federal Space Force.
Earth Federation Air Force
Not much is known about the Earth Federation's air force, other than the facts that they do exist and did participate in several ground campaigns. The group has several powerful bombers created from core booster pieces left over from the vison project.
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Earth Federation Space Forces
The fourth branch of the Earth Federal Forces was the Earth Federal Space Force. This branch was created to enforce the edicts of the Earth Federal Government in space, as such this branch of the armed service is almost exclusively concerned with space combat. The Federation's Space Force is a mirror image of the "Big Gun" ship philosophy, embodying powerful guns to destroy enemies. This began to change in UC0079, when the Zeon introduced their mobile suits, which thoroughly decimated the Federation's Space Force. The advent of the mobile suit forced the Federation to develop their own mobile suits and ships that could carry them, resulting in the Pegasus-class MS carriers. After Zeon remnants successfully executed Operation Stardust, the Federation's Space Force finally abandoned the big gun ship concept completely and focused on making ships that were capable of carrying mobile suits.
A handful of the Earth Federal Space Force ships were designed to withstand atmospheric re-entry and to operate on Earth; these ships were from Pegasus, Argama and Nahel Argama classes.