Deformation
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Deformation is a change in shape due to an applied force. This can be a result of tensile (pulling forces) or of compressive (pushing forces) loads being applied.
In the figure it can be seen that the compressive loading (indicated by the arrow) has caused deformation in the cylinder so that the original shape (dashed lines) has changed (deformed) into one with bulging sides. The sides bulge because the material, although strong enough to not crack or otherwise fail, is not strong enough to support the load without change, thus the material is forced out laterally.
See Also
bg:Деформация de:Kontinuumsmechanik fr:Dformation des matriaux