Coruscant
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| Coruscant | |
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| Distance from Core | 10,000 light years |
| Region | Core Worlds |
| Oversector | Imperial Center Oversector (during Imperial rule) |
| Sector/System | Coruscant |
| Orbital Period | 368 d |
| Rotation Period | 24 h |
| Number of Suns | 1 |
| Number of Moons | 4 |
| Population | 1 trillion (according to literature)
hundreds of trillions to several quadrillion (suggested by film evidence; fan-calculated estimate) |
| Surface Water | 29% (in ice caps) |
| Affiliation | The Galactic Republic, The Galactic Senate, The Galactic Empire |
Coruscant is the name of a fictional planet in the Star Wars Universe. An ecumenopolis, at various times it was renamed Imperial Center and Yuuzhan'tar.
Coruscant was the capital of the Old Republic, the Galactic Empire, the New Republic, and the Yuuzhan Vong Empire at various times. It is generally agreed that Coruscant is the most important world in the galaxy, evidenced by the fact that its hyperspace coordinates are (0,0,0). The galaxy's main trade routes -- Rimma Trade Route, Perlemian Trade Route, Hydian Way, Corellian Run, and Corellian Trade Spine -- went through Coruscant making it one of the richest worlds in the Star Wars galaxy.
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Overview
The entire surface of Coruscant has been covered over throughout the thousands of generations of galactic history by sprawling skyscrapers and cities. The planet's oceans have all been drained and kept in vast underground caverns for future reuse. The only body of water visible is the Western Sea, a body of water left alone by the workers to be preserved for tourists and natives alike. The Western Sea has many artificially created islands floating on it, used by tourists on holidays. The only other piece of Coruscant's landmass that has been left untouched are the Manarai Mountains, twin peaks that stick up out of the ground near the famous Imperial Palace. Many floating restaurants revolve around the Mountains, giving patrons a unique view of the natural wonders.
Since there are no bodies of water available to feed and water its trillion inhabitants, Coruscant's architects along with many others from around the galaxy worked together to build a self-contained eco-system in the massive buildings set all over the planet. Engineers also developed a complex series of huge pipes that polar ice is pumped through to the cities of Coruscant. Almost everything on the planet, from clothes to packaging and machinery is recyclable. Another problem for a world like Coruscant is the unimaginable amounts of carbon dioxide that its trillion being population generate each day, so atmospheric dampeners were put into place in orbit to remove it. Galactic Standard Time was developed on Coruscant and revolves around the hours Coruscant has in a single day, which is 24 hours, with 368 local days a year.
Galactic City is divided into several thousand quadrants, with each quadrant subdivided into numbered sectors. Some of these numbered sectors received colloquial names. For example, H-46 is also called Sah'c Town, named for the family that owns much of it. Some areas were specifically designated senatorial, governmental, financial (including banking zones), commercial, and residential. Larger areas of the planet were designated for industrial or manufacturing use only. The largest of these areas is known colloquially as "The Works". The Works had manufactured spacecraft parts, droids, and building materials at an astonishing rate for hundreds of years, but as construction in space became more efficient, The Works fell in disrepair. It has gained the reputation as a hub of high criminal activity and many locals stay away from it. The Works was the Sith meeting place of Darth Sidious and Count Dooku, Sidious's second apprentice and Confederate head of state and government in Attack of the Clones. Another area of Coruscant shown is Coco Town (short for "collective commerce"). Many diverse species live here and work in manufacturing. Coco Town is the site of Dex's Diner in Attack of the Clones.
History
Since 100,000 BBY, an ecumenopolis – or global city – has covered almost all of surface of Coruscant. New buildings were built on the old. As a result, there was virtually no exposed land. In the forgotten underlevels of the city, there was darkness, pollution and crime. Higher up, there were government offices and penthouses owned by the elite. Most xenoarchaeologists believe that the Human race first evolved on Coruscant, but they have yet to find undeniable proof. Coruscant is also the homeworld to the long-dead Zhell and Taung species. The Zhell were dominant until the Taung conquered them. The Taung became known as the Dark Warriors, and in the middle of their epic battle against the Zhell, their efforts were helped by an erupting volcano that wiped out the major Zhell city. The Taung then systematically destroyed all remaining Zhell camps and took the name Dha Werda Verda, or in Basic, "Warriors of the Shadow." Since the Taung never achieved space travel, they eventually died out on Coruscant.
Under the Empire, Coruscant was renamed Imperial Center and Galactic City was also renamed Imperial City. Non-human species were also compelled to live in segregated parts (also known as "ethnic neighbourhoods") of Imperial City, such as Invisec. The greedy Palpatine began to shape Coruscant with his own designs, and this included the installment of thousands of surveillance systems throughout the city world. Massive shield generators were placed all over Coruscant, and where they overlapped, severe storms took place, giving the planet a gothic look, which mirrored the utter desperation of many of its inhabitants as they choked under Emperor Palpatine's iron rule. The Emperor also had the Palace of the Republic rebuilt and renamed the Imperial Palace. The Imperial Palace was a massive pyramidal structure and was the largest construction project in Coruscant. The Emperor also commissioned top Imperial engineers to design and manufacture massive Construction Droids that were the size of skyscrapers. These gigantic automatons would "eat" an old, decrepit building by using its many smelters, conveyer belts and mechanial arms. From the recycled parts of that old building they would construct a new building.
After the death of Palpatine, a series of the Emperor's warlords including Isard ruled the Imperial Centre. Ysanne Isard's reign over the Imperial Centre was plagued by the threat of rival warlords and the expanding New Republic. So before she left the Imperial Centre, she contaminated the city's water supply with the deadly Krytos virus that only affected non-human species. Eventually the New Republic destroyed the virus and liberated Imperial Center, returning it to its original name of Coruscant. Ysanne Isard used her hidden Star Dreadnought Lusankya to escape, in the process killing millions; tearing off a large part of the cityscape and shooting down a skyhook, before finally jumping into hyperspace.
Eventually the New Republic rebuilt Galactic City and made Coruscant once again the ruling planet for their government. During those years, Leia Solo gave birth to her and Han's first two children, Jacen and Jaina Solo. However, Coruscant was again under attack by the dreaded Grand Admiral Thrawn who bombarded Coruscant with about twenty asteroids in an attempt to create confusion among the New Republic and retake the Core for the Imperial Remnant, but his plan was thwarted.
A year later the remaining members of the Imperial Inner Circle began massive attacks on Coruscant, detonating destructive bombs on its surface and committing suicide runs in capital ships. Little did they know that they were being manipulated by the reborn Palpatine who was manipulating both his servants and the people of the Republic to achieve his everlasting rule over the galaxy. Coruscant was ruined in the attacks, with half of the Imperial Palace destroyed, many toppled buildings and with billions of deaths. The space around Coruscant was littered with countless starship wreckage that would not be cleared for years.
After Palpatine's final death, the New Republic retook the planet and made a massive effort to clean up the world and restore it to its original beauty. Billions more flocked to live at the bright center of the galaxy, replacing those that were lost in the bloodshed surrounding the horror of the reborn Emperor Palpatine. Imperial Admiral Daala also planned to crash one of her Star Destroyers into the planet in an attempt to rip it apart, but was stopped by Kyp Durron and the Sun Crusher.
In the New Jedi Order series, Coruscant is the capital world of the New Republic until Star by Star, in which the extragalactic Yuuzhan Vong overwhelm the Republic defenses in three attack waves and take over the planet. The Yuuzhan Vong designated it Yuuzhan'tar, after the name of their species and their chief deity Yun Yuuzhan, and terraformed it to overwhelm the city covering its surface and restore a natural ecology. The vast majority of the planet's non-Yuuzhan Vong population was shipped offworld in massive refugee ships, though some people did stay behind in the substructure of the city. The Galactic Alliance eventually retook Coruscant back from the Yuuzhan Vong. After surrendering, the Yuuzhan Vong agreed to help the Alliance rebuild Coruscant. Within the Star Wars universe, there is currently a debate on what is to be the fate of Coruscant.
Etymology and Naming
The name itself is French in origin, but is used in literary English. It means "sparkling" or "glittering" and probably refers to the night side of the planetwide city. Traditionally pronounced with a hard 'c' - ko'-rus-kant' - the word is pronounced Ko'-ru-sant in the Star Wars Universe.
Originally the planet, which was then called "Alderaan", was to appear in the first Star Wars film, but the budget wouldn't allow, so a lot of action on Alderaan was moved to the Death Star and Alderaan became the name of Princess Leia's home planet which is destroyed. The concept of seeing the Empire's home world, renamed "Had Abbadon", came up again in the Return of the Jedi, and the concept of the entire planet being a city came up for the first time. However, realizing such a city on screen was impossible at the time so the idea was abandoned.
The concept of a city covering an entire planet is not entirely new. The planet Trantor in Isaac Asimov's Foundation novels is probably the first fictional planet to be totally urbanized, but it was not the last. Indeed, one of the draft names of Coruscant was "Jhantor", in homage to Asimov's work. Trantor was entirely covered in city except for 100 square kilometers devoted to the gardens of the Imperial Palace; the same is stated to be true of Coruscant in Shadows of the Empire.
The planet first appeared in the Expanded Universe and was called "Coruscant" for the first time in Timothy Zahn's Heir to the Empire. Coruscant wasn't originally seen on screen until The Phantom Menace. It was seen on screen in the 1997 Special Edition release of Return of the Jedi. There is a speeder chase through the skies of Coruscant in Attack of the Clones that eventually leads to a nightclub in the bowels of Coruscant's Uscru Entertainment District. Coruscant is seen yet again in Revenge of the Sith as part of the Battle of Coruscant near the end of the Clone Wars, where a large part of the plot centers around the Republic Senate and the Jedi Temple.
In various novels, characters aligned with the Empire refer to Coruscant as "Imperial Centre". Within the stories, this is explained as an administrative renaming undertaken to emphasize the differences between the Old Republic and the Empire. The new name never resonated with the general population — it was only called Imperial Center in government documents. The name was abandoned when the New Republic retook Coruscant.
Inconsistencies
In the large volume of material that exists relating to Coruscant, there are conflicting statements about the ecumenopolis.
The population is variously stated as 176 billion, 1 trillion, or 1 quadrillion. The smaller figures are illogical, but more often stated. However, the G-canon source, Inside the Worlds of Episode I states that Coruscant has a population of 1 trillion. Film estimates based on the apparent depth of the cityscape and its literally globe-spanning extent suggest a population density that, applied over the entire surface area of Coruscant would suggest a population probably in the several quadrillion (1e16-1e15) range and certainly no less than several hundred trillions (1e15-1e14). These estimates have been performed by Star Wars fan scholar Curtis Saxton, and other technical-minded fans on many separate occasions. It remains to be seen if later generations of official publications will reflect figures similar to those presented by the scale of Coruscant in the movies.
The assumption that Coruscant was made up of many layers of buildings on top of each other, supported by Expanded Universe works such as the Young Jedi Knights series, was not supported by the appearance of the planet in The Phantom Menace. The canonical interpretation was revised for The New Jedi Order. Now, Coruscant is essentially two planet-spanning cities: one on the surface and one underground. The underground city takes the status of "lower levels" from the retconned covered-over buildings. Incidentally, this new interpretation makes Coruscant much more like Trantor. It also explains why the surface seen in Attack of the Clones was not nearly as dismal as the lower levels in YJK: they were below the surface in the book.
Most sources, including all illustrations, show Coruscant as having negligible surface water. However, the Black Fleet Crisis Trilogy states that Coruscant has two continents, a large one that contains Imperial City and a smaller one. More than half of this version of Coruscant is ocean. There are cliffs along the coast, contradicting the previous statement that the only place the bedrock was exposed to the surface was at the peaks of the Manarai Mountains, which are otherwise covered in buildings. This contradiction is because Michael P. Kube-McDowell, author of the Black Fleet Crisis trilogy, has publically stated he has personal issues with the concept of a city covering an entire planet. He was apparently attempting to retcon Coruscant into being a more Earth-like world with a population of only a few billion. His version of Coruscant has been ignored by later Expanded Universe books, as well as the movies.
It is said that Coruscant was naturally a cold planet, similar to Hoth, before terraforming millennia ago. It still has icecaps, according to the Young Jedi Knights and Rogue Squadron novels, but they are never visible in depictions of the planet from space. Supposedly, Coruscant was cold due to distance from its sun, but the sun appears large in the sky in The Phantom Menace. [1] (http://theforce.net/swtc/orbs.html#coruscant)ca:Coruscant es:Coruscant fr:Coruscant hu:Coruscant ja:コルサント sv:Coruscant