Complex of Goguryeo Tombs
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The Complex of Goguryeo Tombs lies in North Korea. In July 2004 it became the first UNESCO World Heritage site in the country. The site consists of 63 individual tombs from the later Goguryeo kingdom, located in the cities of P'yŏngyang and Namp'o. This kingdom was one of the strongest in the north east of China and the Korean Peninsula between the 5th and 7th centuries AD. The kingdom was founded in the present day area of Northern Korea, Northeastern China, and part of Manchuria around 32 BC, and the capital was transferred to P'yŏngyang in AD 427.
Many of the tombs, such as the Anak Tomb No. 3, have beautiful wall paintings. The tombs are almost all that remains from this culture. There are over 10,000 Goguryeo tombs overall, but only about 90 of those unearthed in China and Korea so far have wall paintings. The Complex of Goguryeo Tombs inscribed on the World Heritage List contains the majority of these tombs with wall paintings. It is thought that the complex was used as a burial site for kings, queens and other members of the royal family. The paintings found on the tombs offer an unique insight into the everyday life of the Goguryeo period.
The following criteria were considered by UNESCO to merit the Goguryeo tombs' inscription as a World Heritage site:
- The wall paintings are masterpieces of the Goguryeo period. The tombs themselves reflect ingenious engineering capabilities.
- The customs of the Goguryeo culture were influential all over East Asia, including Japan.
- The site offers exceptional insights into the Goguryeo culture, both into everyday life and burial customs.
- The Goguryeo tombs are an important example of this burial typology.ja:高句麗古墳群