Chain letter
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A typical chain letter consists of a message that attempts to induce the recipient to make a number of copies of the letter and then pass them on to two or more new recipients. A chain letter can be considered a type of meme, a self-replicating piece of information that uses a human host to distribute copies of itself. Common methods used by chain letters include emotionally manipulative stories, get-rich-quick pyramid schemes, and the exploitation of superstition to threaten the recipient with bad luck or even physical violence if he or she "breaks the chain."
Because of this, recipients of such letters are generally advised to ignore the letter and destroy it.
Chain letters are capable of evolution, generally improving their ability to convince their hosts to replicate them over time. This sometimes occurs through deliberate modification of the chain letter by a recipient, or sometimes through purely accidental imperfect copying (mutation).
With the development of e-mail and the Internet, chain letters have become much more common and quick to spread than when they were transmitted purely by physical mail. However, there have been Himmelsbriefe ("Heaven letters") since at least the Middle Ages. And one could look to the Egyptian Book of the Dead as a meme that promised resurrection to those intombed with a copy.
See also
- Mail_fraud
- Make money fast
- Amish Friendship Bread (a culinary version of a chain letter)
- Mon cher Mustapha letter - a chain letter used as a form of black propaganda
External link and references
- Daniel W. VanArsdale, chain letter evolution (1998), a paper reviewing the evolution of chain letters.
- Online version: http://www.silcom.com/~barnowl/chain-letter/evolution.html
- United States Postal Inspection Service on chain letters: http://www.usps.com/websites/depart/inspect/chainlet.htm
- Category at ODP (http://dmoz.org/Society/Issues/Fraud/Internet/Chain_Letters/)
- What's wrong with chain letters? (http://www.cs.rutgers.edu/~watrous/chain-letters.html)
- A discussion of the history and various types of chain letters (http://www.snopes.com/luck/chain.asp) (from Snopes.com)de:Kettenbrief