Banisteriopsis caapi
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- This entry focuses on the caapi vine itself; for information on entheogenic use, see Ayahuasca.
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Banisteriopsis caapi, also known as Ayahuasca, Caapi or Yage, is a South American jungle vine of the family Malpighiaceae. It is used to prepare Ayahuasca, a decoction that has a long history of entheogenic uses as a medicine and "plant teacher" among the indigenous peoples of the Amazon. It contains beta-carbolines such as harmine, harmaline, and tetrahydroharmine. Caapi needs sunlight to grow, and most caapi is cultivated by the shamans who use it.
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According to The CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names by Umberto Quattrocchi, the naming of B. caapi was actually dedicated to John Banister, a seventeenth-century English clergyman and scientist. An earlier name for the genus Banisteriopsis was Banisteria, and the plant is sometimes referred to as Banisteria caapi in everyday usage.
The name Ayahuasca means "vine of the soul", and the shamans of the indigenous Western Amazonian tribes use the plant in religious and healing ceremonies. In addition to its hallucinogenic properties, caapi is used for its healing properties as a purgative, effectively cleansing the body of parasites and helping the digestive tract.
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Colors
Although there is no apparent difference in species, the caapi vine is categorized by those who use it into several different "colors", each of which have different potencies, effects, and uses. Different categorizations may be used in different areas, and this list is not meant to be exhaustive or universally applicable.
- Cielo (sky) or yellow caapi
Probably the most commonly used variety, at least among the mestizo curenderos of modern Amazonia. It is considered relatively gentle and is the typical vine used for initiation.
- Black caapi
There seem to be two varieties of black caapi, which may or may not be the same plant. They are often associated with witchcraft or brujeria, and should only be used by those who are very experienced with the medicine.
- Thunder or trueno caapi
Brings on a particularly intense purge as well as other physical effects which are often very overwhelming.
- Indian caapi
Perhaps the only variety of caapi that is not cultivated, but rather harvested from old-growth, unflooded, white sand rainforest. Use was believed to be more prevalent before contact with the west.
- White caapi
Used most often in magic, both in brujeria and combating brujeria.
- Red caapi
Considered very strong and used most often for healing; often, the curandero will take red caapi while their patient is given the yellow variety.
- Rattle caapi or Ayahuasca cascabel.
Often considered the most potent variety of caapi; ayahuasca cascabel has been seen and experienced very little by westerners, if at all.
Legal issues
Legality
In the United States, caapi is uncontrolled; in addition, it does not contain any scheduled substances.
In Australia, harmala is a controlled substance, but the vine is not.
In Canada, harmala is a schedule III substance, but the vine is not. (Note that Canadian scheduling laws are very different from their United States counterparts).
Caapi, as well as a range of harmala alkaloids, were recently scheduled in France, following a court victory by Santo Daime allowing use of the tea due to it not being a chemical extraction and the fact that the plants used were not scheduled. Religious exceptions to Narcotic laws are not allowed under French law, effectively making any use or possession of the tea illegal.
For more on legal info, see Ayahuasca.
Patent issues
The caapi vine itself has been the subject of a dispute between US entrepreneur Loren Miller and the Coordinating Body of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon Basin (COICA). In 1986 Miller obtained a US patent on a variety of B. caapi. COICA successfully argued that the patent was invalid because Miller's variety was neither new nor distinct, and the patent was overturned in 1999; however, in 2001 the US Patent Office has since reinstated the patent because, at the time it was granted, the law did not allow a third party such as COICA standing to object. B. caapi is now being cultivated commercially in Hawaii.
See also
External link
- Report on indigenous use of the plant, and the patent dispute (http://www.amazonlink.org/biopiracy/ayahuasca.htm)