Bagrationi
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The Bagrationi royal dynasty of Georgia (ბაგრატიონთა სამეფო დინასტია, Bagrationta Samepo Dinastia in Georgian language) provided many of the country's rulers between 809-1810. The family had its origins in southern Georgia, in the ancient Georgian region of Speri (სპერი) (now Ispiri, ისპირი), which was then a part of the Georgian principality of Tao-Klarjeti (ტაო-კლარჯეთი, now part of Turkey). It traced its ancestry to the 6th century AD Bivritiani (ბივრიტიანი) family (representatives of this family were rulers of Georgian Principality of Odzrkhe (ოძრხე) since the 3rd century BC). Son of Bagrat Bivritiani - Guaram I Kurapalate was a first representative of the Bagrationi family.
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Erismtavars (Grand Dukes) of Kartli, ქართლის ერისმთავრები (575-605, 786-809)
The first representative of the Bagrationi family Guaram I Kurapalate was a Grand Duke of Kartli (Kartlis Erismtavari in Georgian) in 575-590. His mother was a daughter of Vakhtang I Gorgasali - a king of Georgia from the dynasty of Parnavazian's. Other Erismtavars of Kartli from the Bagrationi family were:
Eristavs (Dukes) of Klarjeti, კლარჯეთის ერისთავები (619-779)
In 619-678 Guaram II, a son of Stepanoz I was a Duke (Eristavi in Georgian) of the Georgian Principality of Klarjeti. Other Dukes of this Principality from the Bagrationi family were:
Kingdom of Tao-Klarjeti, ტაო-კლარჯეთის სამეფო (809-888)
Ashot I the Great (also known as Ashot I Kurapalate) was the first Bagrationi to become a king, founding the royal dynasty in 809. He ruled the kingdom of Tao-Klarjeti and died in 826, in Doliskana. His father was Adarnase Bagrationi (Eristavi (Duke) of Klarjeti). Other Kings of Tao-Klarjeti were:
- Bagrat I Kurapalate (826-876. In 826-869 co-ruler of the Kingdom of Tao-Klarjeti was Adarnase I)
- David I of Georgia Kurapalate (876-881)
- Adarnase II (881-888)
"Kingdom of Georgians", ქართველთა სამეფო (888- 978 (1008))
In 888 the "Kingdom of Georgians" (Kartvelta Samepo in Georgian) was founded, incorporating the regions of Samtskhe-Javakheti, Kola-Artaani, Shavsheti, Tao-Klarjeti, Basiani, Speri and Tortomi. Its first ruler, who took the title "King of Georgians", was Adarnase II (888-923). Other rulers of this kingdom were:
- David II of Georgia (923-937)
- Bagrat Magistros (937-945. Without of the official title of King)
- Ashot IV (945-954)
- Sumbat I (954-958)
- Bagrat II (958-975. Co-rulers: Adarnase III in 961-966 and David III in 966-975)
- Gurgen II (975-1008. Co-ruler was his son Bagrat III, since 978 also a King of the KIngdom of Western Georgia - Kingdom of Abkhazeti).
United Georgian Kingdom, გაერთიანებული ქართული სამეფო (978-1466)
The United Kingdom of Georgia was established in 978. In this year Bagrat III (a son of Gurgen II) become a ruler of the Kingdom of Western Georgia (Kingdom of Abkhazeti), including the Principalities of Imereti, Samegrelo, Abkhazeti (Abkhazia), Guria and Svaneti. Bagrat's mother was Queen Gurandukht, a daughter of Giorgi II of Abkhazeti. The Bagrationis went on to provide a series of notable kinds and queens of Georgia, particularly David the Builder, Tamar of Georgia and others. In 1204 Queen Tamar founded the Empire of Trebizond (now part of Turkey).
The Russian invasion, რუსეთის მიერ დაპყრობა (1801-1810)
The last king of the Bagrationi dynasty was Solomon II, King of Imereti (Western Georgia) from 1789-1810. In 1801, the Russian Empire invaded and annexed the neighboring Kingdom of Kartl-Kakheti (Eastern Georgia), deposing its king, Giorgi XII (1798-1801). Solomon II was deposed in 1810 when the Russians invaded his kingdom, completing their conquest of Georgia.
The main sources of the history of the dynasty of Bagrationi include the following Georgian chronicles of the 10th - 18th centuries: "Chronicle of Sumbat Davitis dze (Bagrationi) about the Bagrationis of Tao-Klarjeti", "Moktsevai Kartlisai", "Tskhovreba Kartvelta Mepeta", "Matiane Kartlisa".
Kings of the united Georgian Kingdom, გაერთიანებული ქართული სამეფოს მეფეები (978-1466)
Kings of the united Georgian Kingdom from the Bagrastioni dynasty were:
- Bagrat III (978-1014)
- Giorgi I (1014-1027)
- Bagrat IV (1027-1072)
- Giorgi II (1072-1089)
- David IV the Builder (1089-1125)
- Demetre I (1125-1155)
- David V (1155-1156)
- Giorgi III (1156-1184)
- Tamar of Georgia (1184-1213)
- Giorgi IV Lasha (1213-1223)
- Rusudan (1223-1245)
- David VI Narin (1245-1293)
- David VII Ulu (1247-1270)
- Demetre II (1271-1289)
- Vakhtang II (1289-1293)
- David VIII (1293-1299, 1300-1308)
- Giorgi VI (1308-1313)
- Giorgi V (1299, 1314-1346)
- David IX (1346-1360)
- Bagrat V (1360-1393)
- Giorgi VII (1393-1407)
- Konstantine I (1407-1411)
- Alexander I the Great (1412-1442)
- Vakhtang IV (1442-1446)
- Giorgi VIII (1446-1466)
See also
- Georgia
- History of Georgia
- Culture of Georgia
- Georgian people
- Giorgi XI
- Vakhtang VI
- Alexandre Bagrationi
- Erekle II
- Vakhushti Bagrationi
- Peter Bagrationi
- Pyotr Bagration
- Teimuraz Bagrationi
- David Soslani
References
- A. Khakhanov. "Histoire de la Georgie", Paris, 1900 (in French)
- A. Manvelichvili. "Histoire de la Georgie", Paris, 1951 (in French)
- A. Manvelishvili. "Russia and Georgia. 1801-1951", Vol. I, Paris, 1951 (in Georgian)
- K. Salia. "History of the Georgian Nation", Paris, 1983
- Kartlis Tskhovreba, vol. I-IV, Tbilisi, 1955-1973 (in Georgian)
- P. Ingorokva. Giorgi Merchule (a monograph), Tbilisi, 1954 (in Georgian)
- E. Takaishvili. "Georgian chronology and the beginning of the Bagratid rule in Georgia".- Georgica, London, v.I, 1935
- Sumbat Davitis dze. "Chronicle of the Bagrastion's of Tao-Klarjeti", with the investigation of Ekvtime Takaishvili, Tbilisi, 1949 (in Georgian)
- "Das Leben Kartlis", ubers. und herausgegeben von Gertrud Patch, Leipzig, 1985 (in German)
- L. Urushadze. "The Comnenus's of Trabizond and the Bagrationi dynasty of Georgia".- J. "Tsiskari", Tbilisi, No 4, 1991, pp. 144-148 (in Georgian)
- V. Guchua, N. Shoshiashvili. "Bagration's".- Encyclopedia "Sakartvelo", vol.I, Tbilisi, 1997, pp. 318-319 (in Georgian)de:Liste der Staatsoberhäupter Georgiens