Backup vocalist
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A backup vocalist is a vocalist who sings in harmony with the lead vocalist, other backup vocalists, or alone but in the background of a song. A backup vocalist will almost always work with a lead vocalist but the converse is not always true.
Backup singer, backing singer, background singer, and background vocalist are all terms with the same meaning: a vocalist who sings in support (in back-up) of a lead vocalist or singer, often accompanied by other backup singers.
In modern bands, often one or more musicians other than the lead singer will take on the duty of backing vocalist while playing their specific instruments as well. Two good examples of these types of bands are System of a Down and Papa Roach.