HMS Ark Royal
|
|
HMS Ark Royal is a name that has been borne by five ships in the British Royal Navy.
- The first Ark Royal was built as Ark Raleigh at Deptford on the River Thames in 1587, to the order of Sir Walter Raleigh. She was bought by Queen Elizabeth's navy for £5,000 ("money well given", according to her new commander, Lord Howard of Effingham) and, as Ark Royal, was the flagship of the English fleet during the Spanish Armada campaign of 1588. In 1608, under the new monarch James I, she was rebuilt and renamed Anne Royal. She was broken up in 1636.
- The second Ark Royal, after a gap of almost 300 years, was a merchant ship converted on the building stocks to be a seaplane carrier and was the world's first aircraft carrier. Launched in 1914, she served in the Dardanelles Campaign and throughout World War I. She was renamed HMS Pegasus in 1934, to free the name Ark Royal for a new ship, and was broken up in 1950.
- The third Ark Royal (91) saw action in World War II and was sunk by a U-boat in 1941. Whilst serving in the Mediterranean she was called upon to search for Bismarck in the Atlantic. During the search her planes mistakenly attacked the Royal Navy cruiser HMS Sheffield. Fortunately, the torpedoes were not primed properly and no major damage was incurred. The older torpedoes were then fitted to her Swordfish planes and the hunt continued. Her spotter planes eventually found Bismarck. An attack commenced, crippling Bismarck's rudder. The damage sustained led to the rest of the Royal Navy surface fleet catching up with Bismarck and sinking her.
- The fourth Ark Royal (R09) was an Audacious-class fleet aircraft carrier. Her keel was laid down by Cammell Laird of Birkenhead on 3 May 1943. She was launched on 3 May 1950 and commissioned on 28 February 1955. After starring in the 1970s BBC series "Sailor", she eventually went to the breaker's yard in 1980.
- The fifth Ark Royal (R07) is an Invincible-class aircraft carrier. She served in the 2003 invasion of Iraq.
Battle honours
- Spanish Armada 1588
- Cádiz 1596
- Dardanelles 1915
- Norway 1940
- Spartivento 1940
- Mediterranean 1940–1941
- Bismarck 1941
- Malta Convoys 1941
External links
- Royal Navy - HMS Ark Royal (http://www.royal-navy.mod.uk/static/pages/1891.html)zh:皇家方舟号航空母舰