Antiochus IV of Syria
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Antiochus IV was made king of Kommagene by Caligula, who even enlarged his territory but then deposed him almost immediately. Restored by Claudius in 41, he reigned until 72 as an ally of Rome against Parthia. That year he was deposed on suspicion of treason and retired to Rome. His sons Epiphanes and Callinicus fled to Parthia after a brief encounter with Roman troups.
Several of his coins are extant, and their die-marks prove he did rule large parts of Cappadocia and Cilicia as well as Commagene proper. The reasons for providing a client-king with such vast resources remain unclear; it was perhaps a stroke of Caligula's well-attested eccentricity. Antiochus IV called himself "Great King" on his coins, a testament to his political ambitions which no doubt played a part in his downfall. He was the last royal descendant of Seleucus I.