Antioch
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- This is about one of the cities called Antioch in Asia Minor, now Turkey. See Antioch (disambiguation) for other places called Antioch.
The city of Antioch-on-the-Orontes (modern Antakya; Greek Αντιόχεια) is located in what is now Turkey. It was founded near the end of the 4th century BC by Seleucus I Nicator, who made it the capital of his empire in Syria. Seleucus I had served as one of Alexander the Great's generals, and the name Antiochus occurred frequently amongst members of his family.
AntiochMap1912.jpg
Antioch occupies an important place in the history of Christianity. It was here that Paul preached his first Christian sermon in a synagogue, and here that followers of Jesus were first called Christians (Acts 11:26). As Christianity spread, Antioch became the seat of one of the four original patriarchates, along with Jerusalem, Alexandria, and Rome. Today it remains the seat of a patriarchate of the Roman Catholic and Oriental Orthodox churches. One of the canonical Eastern Orthodox churches is still called the Antiochian Orthodox Church, although it moved its headquarters from Antioch to Damascus, Syria, several centuries ago (see list of Patriarchs of Antioch).
Antioch was called the Queen of the East, lying on the high-road between the East and the West, and accordingly a busy centre of trade. For several centuries it was a major city in the Roman Empire with a population of a half million people. The emperor Aurelian erected several magnificent public structures, and later the emperor Constantius II erected an octogonal cathedral, which suffered in the earthquake of AD 526. The Persians captured the city in 540. The Byzantines recovered Antioch, only to have the Muslims conquer it in 636.
The city (as Arabic انتاكيّة Antākiyyah) remained in Arab hands until 969, when it was recovered by the Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus II Phocas. The city was lost again, to the Seljuk Turks, in 1085. Thirteen years later, it was captured by the Crusaders during the First Crusade, and became the capital of an independent Principality of Antioch (see Siege of Antioch). The city remained in Crusader hands for the better part of the 12th and 13th centuries, until it was captured by the Mamluk Sultan Baibars in 1268. Baibars destruction of the city was so great that it was never a major city again, with much of its former role falling to the port city of Alexandretta (Iskenderun).
Antakya is the capital of the province Hatay.
Many other cities within the Seleucid empire were also named Antioch, most of them founded by Seleucus I Nicator. For instance Pisidian Antioch in Central-West Turkey is where Saint Paul gave his first sermon to the Gentiles.
See also
External links
- Pictures of the city (http://www.pbase.com/dosseman/antakya)
- Pictures - very many - of the important collection in the museum, in particular Roman mosaics (http://www.pbase.com/dosseman/antakya_museum)bg:Антакия
de:Antiochia fr:Antioche it:Antiochia di Siria he:אנטיוכיה nl:Antiochi ja:アンティオケイア pl:Antiochia Syryjska pt:Antioquia tr:Antakya