Animation
|
|
This animation moves at 10 frames per second.
This animation moves at 2 frames per second. At this rate, the individual frames should be discernible.
Animation is the technique in which each frame of a film or movie is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model unit (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing the result with a special animation camera. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Generating such a film is very labour intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly sped up the process.
Graphics file formats like GIF, MNG and Flash allow animation to be viewed on a computer or over the Internet.
| Contents |
Overview
Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of animation for TV and movies comes from professional animation studios. However, the field of independent animation has existed at least since the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter the professional animation industry.
Limited animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized (some say exploited) by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other studios as cartoons moved to movie theaters to television. It is also the basis of animation.
Animexample3.png
History
For a look at the history of animation, please see the Wikipedia series "History of Animation".
Famous names in animation
Famous names of the past
Famous names of the present day
Animation studios
Animation studios of the past
- Bray Productions
- DePatie-Freleng Enterprises
- Filmation
- Fleischer Studio
- Grantray-Lawrence Animation
- Hanna-Barbera Productions (now Cartoon Network Studios)
- Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
- Rankin-Bass
- Soyuzmultfilm
- Termite Terrace, a/k/a Warner Bros. Cartoons (now known as Warner Brothers Animation)
- UPA
- Van Beuren Studios
- Walter Lantz Studio
Animation studios of the present era
|
|
Styles of animation
- Traditional animation (hand-drawn)
- Rotoscoping
- Computer animation
- Cutout animation
- Analog computer animation
- Motion capture
- Stop-motion animation
- Limited animation
- Pinscreen animation
- Drawn on film animation
See also: Animated series, Anime (Japanese animation), List of movie genres
Techniques
External links
- Keyframe - the Animation Resource (http://www.keyframeonline.com)
- The Animation Department of the National Film and Television School UK (http://www.nftsanimation.org)
- Animation Nation - a forum for professional animators (http://www.animationnation.com)
- Chronology of Animation (http://www.public.iastate.edu/~rllew/chronint.html)
- Animation links collection (http://www.public.iastate.edu/~rllew/animelinks.html)
- Zagreb Film (http://www.fh-wuerzburg.de/petzke/zagreb.html)
- SAF (http://www.safcakovec.com/), Čakovec school of animation
- Animation Directory (http://www.dmoz.org/Arts/Animation/)
- Don Markenstein's Toonopedia (http://www.toonopedia.com)
- Big Cartoon Database (http://www.bcdb.com/)
- Golden Age of Cartoons (http://www.goldenagecartoons.com/)
- Hints and tips for the animation hobbyist (http://www.saunalahti.fi/animato)
- ACME Animation (http://www.acmeanimation.org)cs:Animovaný film
de:Animation es:Cine de animación fa:پویانمایی fr:Film d'animation gl:Cine de animación ko:만화영화 he:אנימציה nl:Animatie pt:Animação pl:Film animowany ja:アニメーション hu:Animáció ru:Мультипликация fi:Animaatio sv:Animering th:แอนิเมชัน zh:动画