Alaska Boundary Dispute

The Alaska Boundary Dispute was a territorial dispute between the United States of America and Canada (then a British dominion), and more specifically, the province of British Columbia, that was resolved by arbitration in 1903.

In 1825 Russia and the United Kingdom signed a treaty to define the borders of their respective colonial possessions. After Alaska was bought in 1867, Canada requested a survey, but it was refused by the purchaser as too costly. The maps Russian fishermen used showed a much larger area. In 1898 the governments agreed on a compromise but the government of British Columbia rejected it.

Around that time, the Klondike Gold Rush enormously increased the population, in large part composed of Americans, reached 30,000, increasing the importance of the region.

Canadian citizens were harrased by the US as a detterent to any claims.

Finally, in 1903, the Hay/Herbert treaty entrusted the decision to an arbitration at parity by six equal members, made up of a mixture of US, Canadian and British members. US president Teddy Roosevelt threatened to use military force if the vote wasn't in favour of the US. The US won. The British, for various reasons, sided with the US.

Canada was entitled to a consolation prize, a triangle of land called the panhandle (The Tatshenshini-Alsek region of British Columbia), nearly enclaved on the north of the coastal zone awarded to Alaska.fr:Dispute de la frontière de l'Alaska

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