Abbas Mirza
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Abbas Mirza (عباس میرزا in Persian) (August 26, 1789 - October 25, 1833), was a crown prince of Persia, known because of his wars with Russia and the Ottoman empire, and his death before his father, the shah.
He was a younger son of Fath Ali Shah, but on account of his mother's royal birth was destined by his father to succeed him. Entrusted with the government of a part of Persia, he sought to rule it in European fashion, and employed officers to reorganize his army. He was soon at war with Russia, and his aid was eagerly solicited by both England and Napoleon, anxious to checkmate one another in the East. Preferring the friendship of France, Abbas Mirza continued the war against Russia, but his new ally could give him very little assistance, and in October, 1813, Persia was compelled to make a disadvantageous peace, ceding some territory in the Caucasus (present-day Georgia, Dagestan, and most of the Republic of Azerbaijan).
He gained some successes during a war between the Ottoman empire and Persia which broke out in 1821, but a peace treaty was signed in 1823 at Erzurum, after failed attacks from both sides. His second war with Russia, which began in 1826, succeeded as little as the first one, and Persia was forced to cede nearly all of Persia's Armenian territories and Nakhchivan. When peace was made in February, 1828, Abbas Mirza then sought to restore order in the province of Khorasan, which was nominally under Persian supremacy, and while engaged in the task died at Meshed in 1833. In 1834 his eldest son, Mohammed Mirza, succeeded Fath Ali as shah.
References
- Please update as needed.
- The Persian Encyclopedia, the articles on Abbas Mirza, Persia-Russia Wars, Persia-Ottoman wars, Golestan Treaty, and Torkaman-Chay Treaty.ru:Аббас-Мирза