Legend:
 Definition
 Field Listing
 Rank Order
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Background:
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Once the seat of Viking raiders and later a major north European power, Denmark has evolved into a modern, prosperous nation that is participating in the general political and economic integration of Europe. It joined NATO in 1949 and the EEC (now the EU) in 1973. However, the country has opted out of certain elements of the European Union's Maastricht Treaty, including the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and issues concerning certain justice and home affairs.
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Location:
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Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, on a peninsula north of Germany (Jutland); also includes two major islands (Sjaelland and Fyn)
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Geographic coordinates:
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56 00 N, 10 00 E
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Map references:
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Europe
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Area:
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total: 43,094 sq km
water: 700 sq km
note: includes the island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea and the rest of metropolitan Denmark (the Jutland Peninsula, and the major islands of Sjaelland and Fyn), but excludes the Faroe Islands and Greenland
land: 42,394 sq km
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Area - comparative:
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slightly less than twice the size of Massachusetts
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Land boundaries:
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total: 68 km
border countries: Germany 68 km
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Coastline:
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7,314 km
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Maritime claims:
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continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
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Climate:
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temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and cool summers
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Terrain:
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low and flat to gently rolling plains
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Lammefjord -7 m
highest point: Yding Skovhoej 173 m
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Natural resources:
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petroleum, natural gas, fish, salt, limestone, stone, gravel and sand
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Land use:
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arable land: 55.74%
permanent crops: 0.19%
other: 44.07% (1998 est.)
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Irrigated land:
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4,760 sq km (1998 est.)
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Natural hazards:
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flooding is a threat in some areas of the country (e.g., parts of Jutland, along the southern coast of the island of Lolland) that are protected from the sea by a system of dikes
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Environment - current issues:
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air pollution, principally from vehicle and power plant emissions; nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of the North Sea; drinking and surface water becoming polluted from animal wastes and pesticides
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Law of the Sea
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Geography - note:
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controls Danish Straits (Skagerrak and Kattegat) linking Baltic and North Seas; about one-quarter of the population lives in greater Copenhagen
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Population:
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5,384,384 (July 2003 est.)
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Age structure:
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0-14 years: 18.7% (male 516,872; female 490,543)
15-64 years: 66.3% (male 1,809,138; female 1,762,577)
65 years and over: 15% (male 338,141; female 467,113) (2003 est.)
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Median age:
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total: 39.1 years
male: 38.1 years
female: 40.1 years (2002)
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Population growth rate:
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0.28% (2003 est.)
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Birth rate:
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11.52 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
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Death rate:
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10.72 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
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Net migration rate:
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2.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
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Sex ratio:
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at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female
total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
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Infant mortality rate:
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total: 4.9 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.62 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
male: 5.16 deaths/1,000 live births
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total population: 77.1 years
male: 74.48 years
female: 79.87 years (2003 est.)
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Total fertility rate:
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1.73 children born/woman (2003 est.)
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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0.2% (2001 est.)
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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3,800 (2001 est.)
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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less than 100 (2001 est.)
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Nationality:
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noun: Dane(s)
adjective: Danish
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Ethnic groups:
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Scandinavian, Inuit, Faroese, German, Turkish, Iranian, Somali
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Religions:
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Evangelical Lutheran 95%, other Protestant and Roman Catholic 3%, Muslim 2%
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Languages:
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Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Inuit dialect), German (small minority)
note: English is the predominant second language
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Literacy:
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definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 100%
male: NA%
female: NA%
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Country name:
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conventional long form: Kingdom of Denmark
conventional short form: Denmark
local short form: Danmark
local long form: Kongeriget Danmark
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Government type:
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constitutional monarchy
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Capital:
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Copenhagen
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Administrative divisions:
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metropolitan Denmark - 14 counties (amter, singular - amt) and 2 boroughs* (amtskommuner, singular - amtskomunes); Arhus, Bornholm, Fredericksberg*, Frederiksborg, Fyn, Kobenhavn, Kobenhavns*, Nordjylland, Ribe, Ringkobing, Roskilde, Sonderjylland, Storstrom, Vejle, Vestsjalland, Viborg
note: see separate entries for the Faroe Islands and Greenland, which are part of the Kingdom of Denmark and are self-governing overseas administrative divisions
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Independence:
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first organized as a unified state in 10th century; in 1849 became a constitutional monarchy
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National holiday:
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none designated; Constitution Day, 5 June is generally viewed as the National Day
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Constitution:
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1849 was the original constitution; there was a major overhaul 5 June 1953, allowing for a unicameral legislature and a female chief of state
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Legal system:
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civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
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Suffrage:
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18 years of age; universal
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Executive branch:
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chief of state: Queen MARGRETHE II (since 14 January 1972); Heir Apparent Crown Prince FREDERIK, elder son of the monarch (born 26 May 1968)
head of government: Prime Minister Anders Fogh RASMUSSEN (since 27 November 2001)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister and approved by Parliament
elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch
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Legislative branch:
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unicameral Parliament or Folketing (179 seats, including 2 from Greenland and 2 from the Faroe Islands; members are elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 20 November 2001 (next to be held by November 2005)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Liberal Party 56, Social Democrats 52, Danish People's Party 22, Conservative Party 16, Socialist People's Party 12, Social Liberal Party 9, Christian People's Party 4, Unity List 4; note - does not include the 2 seats from Greenland and the 2 seats from the Faroe Islands
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Judicial branch:
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Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch for life)
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Political parties and leaders:
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Center Democratic Party [Mimi JAKOBSEN]; Christian People's Party [Marianne KARLSMOSE]; Conservative Party (sometimes known as Conservative People's Party) [Bendt BENDTSEN]; Danish People's Party [Pia KJAERSGAARD]; Liberal Party [Anders Fogh RASMUSSEN]; Social Democratic Party [Mogens LYKKETOFT]; Social Liberal Party (sometimes called the Radical Left) [Marianne JELVED, leader; Johannes LEBECH, chairman]; Socialist People's Party [Holger K. NIELSEN]; Red-Green Unity List (bloc includes Left Socialist Party, Communist Party of Denmark, Socialist Workers' Party) [collective leadership]
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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NA
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International organization participation:
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AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MONUC, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMISET, UNMOGIP, UNMOP, UNMOT, UNOMIG, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WEU (observer), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO, ZC
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador Ulrik Andreas FEDERSPIEL
consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York
FAX: [1] (202) 328-1470
telephone: [1] (202) 234-4300
chancery: 3200 Whitehaven Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador Stuart A. BERNSTEIN
embassy: Dag Hammarskjolds Alle 24, 2100 Copenhagen
mailing address: PSC 73, APO AE 09716
telephone: [45] 35 55 31 44
FAX: [45] 35 43 02 23
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Flag description:
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red with a white cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side, and that design element of the Dannebrog (Danish flag) was subsequently adopted by the other Nordic countries of Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden
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Economy - overview:
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This thoroughly modern market economy features high-tech agriculture, up-to-date small-scale and corporate industry, extensive government welfare measures, comfortable living standards, a stable currency, and high dependence on foreign trade. Denmark is a net exporter of food and energy and enjoys a comfortable balance of payments surplus. Government objectives include streamlining the bureaucracy and further privatization of state assets. The government has been successful in meeting, and even exceeding, the economic convergence criteria for participating in the third phase (a common European currency) of the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), but Denmark has decided not to join the 12 other EU members in the euro; even so, the Danish Krone remains pegged to the euro. Given the sluggish state of the European economy, growth in 2003 was a mere 1.1%.
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GDP:
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purchasing power parity - $155.3 billion (2002 est.)
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GDP - real growth rate:
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1.6% (2002 est.)
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GDP - per capita:
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purchasing power parity - $28,900 (2002 est.)
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 3%
industry: 26%
services: 71% (2002 est.)
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Population below poverty line:
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NA%
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: 2%
highest 10%: 24% (2000 est.)
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Distribution of family income - Gini index:
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24.7 (1992)
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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2.3% (2002 est.)
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Labor force:
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2.856 million (2000 est.)
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Labor force - by occupation:
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services 79%, industry 17%, agriculture 4% (2002 est.)
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Unemployment rate:
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5.1% (2002)
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Budget:
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revenues: $52.9 billion
expenditures: $51.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $500 million (2001 est.)
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Industries:
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food processing, machinery and equipment, textiles and clothing, chemical products, electronics, construction, furniture and other wood products, shipbuilding, windmills
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Industrial production growth rate:
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1.4% (2002 est.)
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Electricity - production:
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35.47 billion kWh (2001)
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Electricity - production by source:
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fossil fuel: 82.7%
hydro: 0.1%
other: 17.3% (2001)
nuclear: 0%
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Electricity - consumption:
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32.41 billion kWh (2001)
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Electricity - exports:
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8.775 billion kWh (2001)
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Electricity - imports:
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8.199 billion kWh (2001)
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Oil - production:
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346,200 bbl/day (2001 est.)
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Oil - consumption:
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218,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
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Oil - exports:
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332,100 bbl/day (2001)
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Oil - imports:
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195,000 bbl/day (2001)
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Oil - proved reserves:
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1.23 billion bbl (37257)
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Natural gas - production:
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8.38 billion cu m (2001 est.)
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Natural gas - consumption:
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5.28 billion cu m (2001 est.)
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Natural gas - exports:
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3.1 billion cu m (2001 est.)
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Natural gas - imports:
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0 cu m (2001 est.)
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Natural gas - proved reserves:
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81.98 billion cu m (37257)
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Agriculture - products:
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barley, wheat, potatoes, sugar beets; pork, dairy products; fish
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Exports:
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$56.3 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)
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Exports - commodities:
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machinery and instruments, meat and meat products, dairy products, fish, chemicals, furniture, ships, windmills
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Exports - partners:
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Germany 17.1%, Sweden 11.6%, UK 7.8%, US 6.8%, France 5.8%, Norway 5.7%, Japan 4.4% (2002)
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Imports:
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$47.9 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)
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Imports - commodities:
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machinery and equipment, raw materials and semimanufactures for industry, chemicals, grain and foodstuffs, consumer goods
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Imports - partners:
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Germany 22.9%, Sweden 10.7%, UK 8.7%, Netherlands 7.8%, France 6%, Norway 4.9%, Italy 4.4% (2002)
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Debt - external:
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$21.7 billion (2000)
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Economic aid - donor:
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ODA, $1.63 billion (1999)
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Currency:
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Danish krone (DKK)
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Currency code:
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DKK
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Exchange rates:
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Danish kroner per US dollar - 7.89 (2002), 8.32 (2001), 8.08 (2000), 6.98 (1999), 6.7 (1998)
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Fiscal year:
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calendar year
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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4.785 million (1997)
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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1,444,016 (1997)
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Telephone system:
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general assessment: excellent telephone and telegraph services
domestic: buried and submarine cables and microwave radio relay form trunk network, 4 cellular mobile communications systems
international: 18 submarine fiber-optic cables linking Denmark with Norway, Sweden, Russia, Poland, Germany, Netherlands, UK, Faroe Islands, Iceland, and Canada; satellite earth stations - 6 Intelsat, 10 Eutelsat, 1 Orion, 1 Inmarsat (Blaavand-Atlantic-East); note - the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) share the Danish earth station and the Eik, Norway, station for worldwide Inmarsat access (1997)
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM 2, FM 355, shortwave 0 (1998)
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Television broadcast stations:
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26 (plus 51 repeaters) (1998)
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Internet country code:
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.dk
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
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13 (2000)
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Internet users:
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3.37 million (2002)
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Railways:
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total: 3,164 km
standard gauge: 2,324 km 1.435-m gauge (595 km electrified)
note:: total includes 840 km of suburban track (2002)
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Highways:
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total: 71,591 km
paved: 71,591 km (including 880 km of expressways)
unpaved: 0 km (2000)
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Waterways:
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417 km
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Pipelines:
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condensate 12 km; gas 3,892 km; oil 455 km; oil/gas/water 2 km; unknown (oil/water) 64 km (2003)
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Ports and harbors:
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Abenra, Alborg, Arhus, Copenhagen, Esbjerg, Fredericia, Frederikshavn, Hirtshals, Kolding, Odense, Roenne (Bornholm), Vejle
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Merchant marine:
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total: 282 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 6,714,557 GRT/8,715,716 DWT
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Germany 1, Greenland 1, Indonesia 1, Netherlands 1, Norway 9, United Kingdom 1 (2002 est.)
ships by type: bulk 5, cargo 85, chemical tanker 29, container 77, liquefied gas 19, livestock carrier 5, petroleum tanker 28, railcar carrier 1, refrigerated cargo 12, roll on/roll off 11, short-sea passenger 6, specialized tanker 4
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Airports:
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104 (2002)
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total: 28
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 7
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
914 to 1,523 m: 12
under 914 m: 3 (2002)
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Airports - with unpaved runways:
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total: 76
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 71 (2002)
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Disputes - international:
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Rockall continental shelf dispute involving Denmark, Iceland, and the UK (Ireland and the UK have signed a boundary agreement in the Rockall area); dispute with Iceland over the Faroe Islands' fisheries median line boundary within 200 NM; disputes with Iceland, the UK, and Ireland over the Faroe Islands continental shelf boundary outside 200 NM; Faroese are considering proposals for full independence; uncontested dispute with Canada over Hans Island sovereignty in the Kennedy Channel between Ellesmere Island and Greenland
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This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003
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