Legend:  Definition
 Field
Listing  Rank
Order
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Background:
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Independence from the UK was approved in 1960, with constitutional
guarantees by the Greek Cypriot majority to the Turkish Cypriot
minority. In 1974, a Greek-sponsored attempt to seize the government
was met by military intervention from Turkey, which soon controlled
almost 40% of the island. In 1983, the Turkish-held area declared
itself the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus," but it is recognized
only by Turkey. UN-led direct talks between the two sides to reach
a comprehensive settlement to the division of the island began in
January 2002. |
|
Location:
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Middle East, island in the Mediterranean Sea, south of Turkey |
|
Geographic coordinates:
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35 00 N, 33 00 E |
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Map references:
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Middle
East |
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Area:
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total: 9,250 sq km (of which 3,355 sq km are in the Turkish
Cypriot area)
water: 10 sq km
land: 9,240 sq km |
|
Area - comparative:
|
about 0.6 times the size of Connecticut |
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Land boundaries:
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0 km |
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Coastline:
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648 km |
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Maritime claims:
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continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
territorial sea: 12 NM |
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Climate:
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temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters
|
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Terrain:
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central plain with mountains to north and south; scattered but significant
plains along southern coast |
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
highest point: Olympus 1,951 m |
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Natural resources:
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copper, pyrites, asbestos, gypsum, timber, salt, marble, clay earth
pigment |
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Land use:
|
arable land: 10.61%
permanent crops: 4.65%
other: 84.74% (1998 est.) |
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Irrigated land:
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400 sq km (1998 est.) |
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Natural hazards:
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moderate earthquake activity; droughts |
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Environment - current issues:
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water resource problems (no natural reservoir catchments, seasonal
disparity in rainfall, sea water intrusion to island's largest aquifer,
increased salination in the north); water pollution from sewage
and industrial wastes; coastal degradation; loss of wildlife habitats
from urbanization |
|
Environment - international agreements:
|
party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental
Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping,
Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic
Pollutants |
|
Geography - note:
|
the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily
and Sardinia)
|
|
Population:
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771,657 (July 2003 est.) |
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Age structure:
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0-14 years: 21.9% (male 86,446; female 82,769)
15-64 years: 67% (male 261,404; female 255,409)
65 years and over: 11.1% (male 37,345; female 48,284) (2003
est.) |
|
Median age:
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total: 34.2 years
male: 33.1 years
female: 35.2 years (2002) |
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Population growth rate:
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0.56% (2003 est.) |
|
Birth rate:
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12.77 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
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Death rate:
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7.63 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
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Net migration rate:
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0.43 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
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Sex ratio:
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at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2003 est.) |
|
Infant mortality rate:
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total: 7.54 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.54 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
male: 9.43 deaths/1,000 live births |
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total population: 77.27 years
male: 74.94 years
female: 79.71 years (2003 est.) |
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Total fertility rate:
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1.88 children born/woman (2003 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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0.3% (2001 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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less than 1,000 (1999 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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NA |
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Nationality:
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noun: Cypriot(s)
adjective: Cypriot |
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Ethnic groups:
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Greek 85.2%, Turkish 11.6%, other 3.2% (2000) |
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Religions:
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Greek Orthodox 78%, Muslim 18%, Maronite, Armenian Apostolic, and
other 4% |
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Languages:
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Greek, Turkish, English |
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Literacy:
|
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 97.6%
male: 98.9%
female: 96.3% (2003 est.)
|
|
Country name:
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conventional long form: Republic of Cyprus
conventional short form: Cyprus
note: the Turkish Cypriot area refers to itself as the "Turkish
Republic of Northern Cyprus" (TRNC) |
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Government type:
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republic
note: a disaggregation of the two ethnic communities inhabiting
the island began following the outbreak of communal strife in 1963;
this separation was further solidified after the Turkish intervention
in July 1974 after a Greek junta-based coup attempt gave the Turkish
Cypriots de facto control in the north; Greek Cypriots control the
only internationally recognized government; on 15 November 1983
Turkish Cypriot "President" Rauf DENKTASH declared independence
and the formation of a "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" (TRNC),
recognized only by Turkey; both sides publicly support a settlement
based on a federation (Greek Cypriot position) or confederation
(Turkish Cypriot position) |
|
Capital:
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Nicosia |
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Administrative divisions:
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6 districts; Famagusta, Kyrenia, Larnaca, Limassol, Nicosia, Paphos;
note - Turkish Cypriot area's administrative divisions include Kyrenia,
all but a small part of Famagusta, and small parts of Lefkosa (Nicosia)
and Larnaca |
|
Independence:
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16 August 1960 (from UK); note - Turkish Cypriot area proclaimed
self-rule on 13 February 1975 |
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National holiday:
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Independence Day, 1 October (1960); note - Turkish Cypriot area
celebrates 15 November (1983) as Independence Day |
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Constitution:
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16 August 1960; negotiations to create the basis for a new or revised
constitution to govern the island and to better relations between
Greek and Turkish Cypriots have been held intermittently; in 1975
Turkish Cypriots created their own constitution and governing bodies
within the "Turkish Federated State of Cyprus," which was renamed
the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" in 1983; a new constitution
for the Turkish Cypriot area passed by referendum on 5 May 1985
|
|
Legal system:
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based on common law, with civil law modifications |
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Suffrage:
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18 years of age; universal |
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Executive branch:
|
chief of state: President Tassos PAPADOPOULOS (since 1 March
2003); note - the president is both the chief of state and head
of government; post of vice president is currently vacant; under
the 1960 constitution, the post is reserved for a Turkish Cypriot
head of government: President Tassos PAPADOPOULOS (since
1 March 2003); note - the president is both the chief of state and
head of government; post of vice president is currently vacant;
under the 1960 constitution, the post is reserved for a Turkish
Cypriot
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed jointly by the president
and vice president
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year
term; election last held 16 February 2003 (next to be held NA February
2008)
note: Rauf R. DENKTASH has been "president" of the Turkish
Cypriot area since 13 February 1975 ("president" elected by popular
vote for a five-year term); elections last held 15 April 2000 (next
to be held NA April 2005); results - Rauf R. DENKTASH reelected
president after the other contender withdrew; Dervis EROGLU has
been "prime minister" of the Turkish Cypriot area since 16 August
1996; there is a Council of Ministers (cabinet) in the Turkish Cypriot
area
election results: Tassos PAPADOPOULOS elected president;
percent of vote - Tassos PAPADOPOULOS 51.5%, Glafkos KLIRIDIS 38.8%,
Alekos MARKIDIS 6.6% |
|
Legislative branch:
|
unicameral - Greek Cypriot area: House of Representatives or Vouli
Antiprosopon (80 seats; 56 assigned to the Greek Cypriots, 24 to
Turkish Cypriots; note - only those assigned to Greek Cypriots are
filled; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms);
Turkish Cypriot area: Assembly of the Republic or Cumhuriyet Meclisi
(50 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year
terms)
election results: Greek Cypriot area: House of Representatives
- percent of vote by party - AKEL 34.71%, DISY 34%, DIKO 14.84%,
KISOS 6.51%, others 9.94%; seats by party - AKEL (Communist) 20,
DISY 19, DIKO 9, KISOS 4, others 4; Turkish Cypriot area: Assembly
of the Republic - percent of vote by party - UBP 40.3%, DP 22.6%,
TKP 15.4%, CTP 13.4%, UDP 4.6%, YBH 2.5%, BP 1.2%; seats by party
- UBP 24, DP 13, TKP 7, CTP 6
elections: Greek Cypriot area: last held 27 May 2001 (next
to be held NA May 2006); Turkish Cypriot area: last held 6 December
1998 (next to be held NA December 2003) |
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Judicial branch:
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Supreme Court (judges are appointed jointly by the president and
vice president)
note: there is also a Supreme Court in the Turkish Cypriot
area |
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Political parties and leaders:
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Greek Cypriot area: Democratic Party or DIKO [Tassos PAPADOPOULOS];
Democratic Rally or DISY [Nikos ANASTASIADHIS]; Fighting Democratic
Movement or ADIK [Dinos MIKHAILIDIS]; Green Party of Cyprus [George
PERDIKIS]; New Horizons [Nikolaus KOUTSOU]; Restorative Party of
the Working People or AKEL (Communist Party) [Dimitrios CHRISTOFIAS];
Social Democrats Movement or KISOS (formerly United Democratic Union
of Cyprus or EDEK) [Yiannakis OMIROU]; United Democrats Movement
or EDE [George VASSILIOU]; Turkish Cypriot area: Communal Liberation
Party or TKP [Mustafa AKINCI]; Democratic Party or DP [Serder DENKTASH];
National Birth Party or UDP [Enver EMIN]; National Unity Party or
UBP [Dervis EROGLU]; Our Party or BP [Okyay SADIKOGLU]; Patriotic
Unity Movement or YBH [Izzet IZCAN]; Republican Turkish Party or
CTP [Mehmet ALI TALAT] |
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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Confederation of Cypriot Workers or SEK (pro-West); Confederation
of Revolutionary Labor Unions or Dev-Is; Federation of Turkish Cypriot
Labor Unions or Turk-Sen; Pan-Cyprian Labor Federation or PEO (Communist
controlled) |
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International organization participation:
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Australia Group, C, CE, EBRD, ECE, EU (applicant), FAO, G-77, IAEA,
IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS (associate),
IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM, NSG, OAS
(observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL,
WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO |
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador Euripides L. EVRIVIADES
chancery: 2211 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
FAX: [1] (202) 483-6710
note: representative of the Turkish Cypriot area in the US
is Osman ERTUG; office at 1667 K Street NW, Washington, DC; telephone
[1] (202) 887-6198
consulate(s): New York
consulate(s) general: New York
telephone: [1] (202) 462-5772 |
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador Michael KLOSSON
embassy: corner of Metochiou and Ploutarchou Streets, Engomi,
2407 Nicosia
mailing address: P. O. Box 24536, 1385 Nikosia
telephone: [357] (22) 776400
FAX: [357] (22) 780944 |
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Flag description:
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white with a copper-colored silhouette of the island (the name Cyprus
is derived from the Greek word for copper) above two green crossed
olive branches in the center of the flag; the branches symbolize
the hope for peace and reconciliation between the Greek and Turkish
communities
note: the Turkish Cypriot flag has a horizontal red stripe
at the top and bottom between which is a red crescent and red star
on a white field
|
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Economy - overview:
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The Greek Cypriot economy is prosperous but highly susceptible to
external shocks. Erratic growth rates over the past decade reflect
the economy's vulnerability to swings in tourist arrivals, caused
by political instability in the region and fluctuations in economic
conditions in Western Europe. Economic policy is focused on meeting
the criteria for admission to the EU. As in the Turkish sector,
water shortages are a perennial problem; a few desalination plants
are now online. The Turkish Cypriot economy has roughly one-third
of the per capita GDP of the south. Because it is recognized only
by Turkey, it has had much difficulty arranging foreign financing
and investment. It remains heavily dependent on agriculture and
government service, which together employ about half of the work
force. To compensate for the economy's weakness, Turkey provides
grants and loans to support economic development. Ankara provided
$200 million in 2002 and pledged $450 million for the 2003-05 period.
Future events throughout the island will be highly influenced by
the outcome of negotiations on the UN-sponsored agreement to unite
the Greek and Turkish areas and by the arrangements under which
the island joins the EU. |
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GDP:
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Greek Cypriot area: purchasing power parity - $9.4 billion (2001
est.); Turkish Cypriot area: purchasing power parity - $787 million
(2002 est.) |
|
GDP - real growth rate:
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Greek Cypriot area: 1.7% (2001 est.); Turkish Cypriot area: 2.6%
(2002 est.) |
|
GDP - per capita:
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Greek Cypriot area: purchasing power parity - $15,000 (2001 est.);
Turkish Cypriot area: purchasing power parity - $6,000 (2002 est.)
|
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GDP - composition by sector:
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Greek Cypriot area: agriculture 4.6%; industry 19.9%; services
19.9%
Turkish Cypriot area: agriculture 75.5%; industry 20.7%;
services 71% (2001) |
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Population below poverty line:
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NA% |
|
Household income or consumption by percentage
share:
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lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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Greek Cypriot area: 2.8% (2001 est.); Turkish Cypriot area: 24.5%
(2002 est.) |
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Labor force:
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Greek Cypriot area: 291,000; Turkish Cypriot area: 86,300 (2000)
|
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Labor force - by occupation:
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Greek Cypriot area: services 73%, industry 22%, agriculture 5% (2000);
Turkish Cypriot area: services 56.4%, industry 22.8%, agriculture
20.8% (1998) |
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Unemployment rate:
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Greek Cypriot area: 3.3%; Turkish Cypriot area: 5.6% (2002 est.)
|
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Budget:
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revenues: Greek Cypriot area - $4.4 billion, Turkish Cypriot
area - $231.3 million (2002 est.)
expenditures: $3.7 billion, Greek Cypriot area - $539 million,
including capital expenditures of $539 million, Turkish Cypriot
area - $432.8 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2003
est.) |
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Industries:
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food, beverages, textiles, chemicals, metal products, tourism, wood
products |
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Industrial production growth rate:
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Greek Cypriot area: -1.4% (2002); Turkish Cypriot area: -0.3% (2002)
|
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Electricity - production:
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3.401 billion kWh; Turkish Cypriot area: NA kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - production by source:
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fossil fuel: 100%
other: 0% (2001)
hydro: 0%
nuclear: 0% |
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Electricity - consumption:
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Greek Cypriot area: 3.163 billion kWh; Turkish Cypriot area: NA
kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - exports:
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0 kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - imports:
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0 kWh (2001) |
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Oil - production:
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0 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Oil - consumption:
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49,000 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
|
Oil - exports:
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NA (2001) |
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Oil - imports:
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NA (2001) |
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Agriculture - products:
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potatoes, citrus, vegetables, barley, grapes, olives, vegetables
|
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Exports:
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Greek Cypriot area: $1.03 billion f.o.b. Turkish Cypriot area: $46
million f.o.b. (2002 est.) |
|
Exports - commodities:
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Greek Cypriot area: citrus, potatoes, pharmaceuticals, cement, clothing
and cigarettes; Turkish Cypriot area: citrus, potatoes, textiles
|
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Exports - partners:
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UK 28.2%, Greece 7%, UAE 5.3%, France 5.2% (2002) |
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Imports:
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Greek Cypriot area: $3.9 billion f.o.b.; Turkish Cypriot area: $301
million f.o.b. (2002 est.) |
|
Imports - commodities:
|
Greek Cypriot area: consumer goods, petroleum and lubricants, intermediate
goods, machinery, transport equipment; Turkish Cypriot area: food,
minerals, chemicals, machinery |
|
Imports - partners:
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Russia 17.9%, Greece 7.4%, Germany 6.7%, France 6.6%, UK 6.6%, Italy
6.6%, South Korea 5.7%, Japan 5.3% (2002) |
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Debt - external:
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Greek Cypriot area: $8 billion; Turkish Cypriot area: $NA (2002)
|
|
Economic aid - recipient:
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Greek Cypriot area - $17 million (1998);; Turkish Cypriot area -
$700 million from Turkey in grants and loans (1990-97), which are
usually forgiven (1998) |
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Currency:
|
Greek Cypriot area: Cypriot pound (CYP); Turkish Cypriot area: Turkish
lira (TRL) |
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Currency code:
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CYP; TRL |
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Exchange rates:
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Cypriot pounds per US dollar - 0.61 (2002), 0.64 (2001), 0.62 (2000),
0.54 (1999), 0.52 (1998), Turkish lira per US dollar NA (2002),
1,225,590 (2001), 625,218 (2000), 418,783 (1999), 260,724 (1998)
|
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Fiscal year:
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calendar year
|
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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Greek Cypriot area: 405,000 (1998);; Turkish Cypriot area: 83,162
(1998) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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Greek Cypriot area: 68,000 (1998); Turkish Cypriot area: 70,000
(1999) |
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Telephone system:
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general assessment: excellent in both the Greek Cypriot and
Turkish Cypriot areas
domestic: open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio
relay
international: tropospheric scatter; 3 coaxial and 5 fiber-optic
submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic
Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean), 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat
|
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Radio broadcast stations:
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Greek Cypriot area: AM 7, FM 60, shortwave 1 (1998); Turkish Cypriot
area: AM 3, FM 11, shortwave 1 (1998) |
|
Television broadcast stations:
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Greek Cypriot area: 4 (plus 225 low-power repeaters) (September
1995);; Turkish Cypriot area: 4 (plus 5 repeaters) (September 1995)
|
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Internet country code:
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.cy |
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
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6 (2000) |
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Internet users:
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150,000 (2002)
|
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Railways:
|
0 km |
|
Highways:
|
total: 13,491 km
note: Greek Cypriot area: 11,141 km; Turkish Cypriot area:
2,350 km
unpaved: Greek Cypriot area: 4,713 km; Turkish Cypriot area:
980 km (2000/1996)
paved: Greek Cypriot area: 6,428 km; Turkish Cypriot area:
1,370 km |
|
Waterways:
|
none |
|
Ports and harbors:
|
Famagusta, Kyrenia, Larnaca, Limassol, Paphos, Vasilikos |
|
Merchant marine:
|
total: 1,180 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 23,106,229 GRT/37,032,163
DWT
ships by type: bulk 421, cargo 325, chemical tanker 25, combination
bulk 24, combination ore/oil 2, container 151, liquefied gas 2,
passenger 8, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 124, refrigerated
cargo 45, roll on/roll off 37, short-sea passenger 9, specialized
tanker 3, vehicle carrier 3
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as
a flag of convenience: Austria 12, Belgium 2, Bulgaria 2, Canada
3, Chile 2, China 16, Croatia 2, Cuba 11, Finland 1, Germany 229,
Greece 607, Guam 1, Hong Kong 6, India 6, Iran 1, Ireland 1, Israel
5, Italy 1, Japan 26, Latvia 14, Lebanon 1, Lithuania 2, Mexico
1, Monaco 10, Netherlands 30, Norway 23, Panama 1, Philippines 2,
Poland 19, Portugal 2, Russia 57, Singapore 2, Slovenia 2, South
Korea 4, Spain 7, Sudan 2, Sweden 6, Switzerland 4, Turkey 1, Ukraine
1, United Arab Emirates 13, United Kingdom 6, United States 4, Vietnam
1 (2002 est.) |
|
Airports:
|
16 (2002) |
|
Airports - with paved runways:
|
total: 13
2,438 to 3,047 m: 7
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
under 914 m: 1 (2002)
914 to 1,523 m: 3 |
|
Airports - with unpaved runways:
|
total: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 1
under 914 m: 2 (2002) |
|
Heliports:
|
10 (2002)
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This page was last updated on 18 December,
2003
|
