Legend:  Definition
 Field
Listing  Rank
Order
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Background:
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Fidel CASTRO led a rebel army to victory in 1959; his iron rule
has held the country together since then. Cuba's Communist revolution,
with Soviet support, was exported throughout Latin America and Africa
during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. The country is now slowly recovering
from a severe economic recession in 1990, following the withdrawal
of former Soviet subsidies, worth $4 billion to $6 billion annually.
Cuba portrays its difficulties as the result of the US embargo in
place since 1961. Illicit migration to the US - using homemade rafts,
alien smugglers, or falsified visas - is a continuing problem. Some
2,500 Cubans attempted the crossing of the Straits of Florida in
2002; the US Coast Guard apprehended about 60% of the individuals.
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Location:
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Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic
Ocean, 150 km south of Key West, Florida |
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Geographic coordinates:
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21 30 N, 80 00 W |
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Map references:
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Central
America and the Caribbean |
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Area:
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total: 110,860 sq km
water: 0 sq km
land: 110,860 sq km |
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Area - comparative:
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slightly smaller than Pennsylvania |
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Land boundaries:
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total: 29 km
border countries: US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay 29 km
note: Guantanamo Naval Base is leased by the US and thus
remains part of Cuba |
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Coastline:
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3,735 km |
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Maritime claims:
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exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM |
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Climate:
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tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season (November to April);
rainy season (May to October) |
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Terrain:
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mostly flat to rolling plains, with rugged hills and mountains in
the southeast |
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point: Pico Turquino 2,005 m |
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Natural resources:
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cobalt, nickel, iron ore, copper, manganese, salt, timber, silica,
petroleum, arable land |
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Land use:
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arable land: 33.04%
other: 59.35% (1998 est.)
permanent crops: 7.61% |
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Irrigated land:
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870 sq km (1998 est.) |
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Natural hazards:
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the east coast is subject to hurricanes from August to October (in
general, the country averages about one hurricane every other year);
droughts are common |
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Environment - current issues:
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air and water pollution; biodiversity loss; deforestation |
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection,
Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Marine Life Conservation |
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Geography - note:
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largest country in Caribbean and westernmost island of the Greater
Antilles
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Population:
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11,263,429 (July 2003 est.) |
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Age structure:
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0-14 years: 20.1% (male 1,164,376; female 1,103,061)
15-64 years: 69.6% (male 3,932,604; female 3,909,523)
65 years and over: 10.2% (male 531,608; female 622,257) (2003
est.) |
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Median age:
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total: 34.5 years
male: 33.9 years
female: 35.1 years (2002) |
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Population growth rate:
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0.34% (2003 est.) |
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Birth rate:
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11.87 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
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Death rate:
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7.38 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
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Net migration rate:
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-1.05 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
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Sex ratio:
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at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2003 est.) |
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Infant mortality rate:
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total: 7.15 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
male: 8.06 deaths/1,000 live births |
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total population: 76.8 years
male: 74.38 years
female: 79.36 years (2003 est.) |
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Total fertility rate:
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1.61 children born/woman (2003 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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less than 0.1% (2001 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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3,200 (2001 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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120 (2001 est.) |
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Nationality:
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noun: Cuban(s)
adjective: Cuban |
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Ethnic groups:
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mulatto 51%, white 37%, black 11%, Chinese 1% |
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Religions:
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nominally 85% Roman Catholic prior to CASTRO assuming power; Protestants,
Jehovah's Witnesses, Jews, and Santeria are also represented |
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Languages:
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Spanish |
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Literacy:
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definition: age 15 and over can read and write
female: 96.9% (2003 est.)
male: 97.2%
total population: 97% |
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People - note:
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illicit migration is a continuing problem; Cubans attempt to depart
the island and enter the US using homemade rafts, alien smugglers,
direct flights, or falsified visas; some 2,500 Cubans took to the
Straits of Florida in 2002; the US Coast Guard interdicted about
60% of these migrants; Cubans also use non-maritime routes to enter
the US; some 1,500 Cubans arrived overland via the southwest border
and direct flights to Miami in 2002
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Country name:
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conventional long form: Republic of Cuba
conventional short form: Cuba
local short form: Cuba
local long form: Republica de Cuba |
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Government type:
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Communist state |
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Capital:
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Havana |
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Administrative divisions:
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14 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 special municipality*
(municipio especial); Camaguey, Ciego de Avila, Cienfuegos, Ciudad
de La Habana, Granma, Guantanamo, Holguin, Isla de la Juventud*,
La Habana, Las Tunas, Matanzas, Pinar del Rio, Sancti Spiritus,
Santiago de Cuba, Villa Clara |
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Independence:
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20 May 1902 (from Spain 10 December 1898; administered by the US
from 1898 to 1902) |
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National holiday:
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Independence Day, 10 December (1898); note - 10 December 1898 is
the date of independence from Spain, 20 May 1902 is the date of
independence from US administration; Rebellion Day, 26 July (1953)
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Constitution:
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24 February 1976, amended July 1992 and June 2002 |
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Legal system:
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based on Spanish and American law, with large elements of Communist
legal theory; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
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Suffrage:
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16 years of age; universal |
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Executive branch:
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chief of state: President of the Council of State and President
of the Council of Ministers Fidel CASTRO Ruz (prime minister from
February 1959 until 24 February 1976 when office was abolished;
president since 2 December 1976); First Vice President of the Council
of State and First Vice President of the Council of Ministers Gen.
Raul CASTRO Ruz (since 2 December 1976); note - the president is
both the chief of state and head of government
elections: president and vice president elected by the National
Assembly; election last held 6 March 2003 (next to be held in 2008)
election results: Fidel CASTRO Ruz reelected president; percent
of legislative vote - 100%; Raul CASTRO Ruz elected vice president;
percent of legislative vote - 100%
cabinet: Council of Ministers proposed by the president of
the Council of State, appointed by the National Assembly; note -
there is also a Council of State whose members are elected by the
National Assembly
head of government: President of the Council of State and
President of the Council of Ministers Fidel CASTRO Ruz (prime minister
from February 1959 until 24 February 1976 when office was abolished;
president since 2 December 1976); First Vice President of the Council
of State and First Vice President of the Council of Ministers Gen.
Raul CASTRO Ruz (since 2 December 1976); note - the president is
both the chief of state and head of government |
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Legislative branch:
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unicameral National Assembly of People's Power or Asemblea Nacional
del Poder Popular (609 seats, elected directly from slates approved
by special candidacy commissions; members serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 19 January 2003 (next to be held in
2008)
election results: percent of vote - PCC 97.6%; seats - PCC
609 |
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Judicial branch:
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People's Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo Popular (president, vice
president, and other judges are elected by the National Assembly)
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Political parties and leaders:
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only party - Cuban Communist Party or PCC [Fidel CASTRO Ruz, first
secretary] |
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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NA |
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International organization participation:
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ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IAEA, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO, ILO,
IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM, OAS
(excluded from formal participation since 1962), OPANAL, OPCW, PCA,
UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO,
WToO, WTrO |
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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none; note - Cuba has an Interests Section in the Swiss Embassy,
headed by Principal Officer Dagoberto RODRIGUEZ Barrera (since August
2001); address: Cuban Interests Section, Swiss Embassy, 2630 16th
Street NW, Washington, DC 20009; telephone: [1] (202) 797-8518 |
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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none; note - the US has an Interests Section in the Swiss Embassy,
headed by Principal Officer James C. CASON; address: USINT, Swiss
Embassy, Calzada between L and M Streets, Vedado, Havana; telephone:
[53] (7) 33-3551 through 3559 (operator assistance required); FAX:
[53] (7) 33-3700; protecting power in Cuba is Switzerland |
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Flag description:
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five equal horizontal bands of blue (top and bottom) alternating
with white; a red equilateral triangle based on the hoist side bears
a white, five-pointed star in the center; design influenced by the
US flag
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Economy - overview:
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The government continues to balance the need for economic loosening
against a desire for firm political control. It has undertaken limited
reforms in recent years to increase enterprise efficiency and alleviate
serious shortages of food, consumer goods, and services but is unlikely
to implement extensive changes. A major feature of the economy is
the dichotomy between relatively efficient export enclaves and inefficient
domestic sectors. The average Cuban's standard of living remains
at a lower level than before the severe economic depression of the
early 1990s, which was caused by the loss of Soviet aid and domestic
inefficiencies. High oil import prices, recessions in key export
markets, damage from Hurricanes Isidore and Lili, and the tourist
slump after 11 September 2001 hampered growth in 2002. |
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GDP:
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purchasing power parity - $30.69 billion (2002 est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate:
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1.1% (2002 est.) |
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GDP - per capita:
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purchasing power parity - $2,700 (2002 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 7.6%
industry: 34.5%
services: 57.9% (2000 est.) |
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Population below poverty line:
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NA% |
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Household income or consumption by percentage
share:
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lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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7.1% (2002 est.) |
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Labor force:
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4.3 million
note: state sector 78%, non-state sector 22% (2000 est.)
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Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture 24%, industry 25%, services 51% (1999) |
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Unemployment rate:
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4.1% (2001 est.) |
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Budget:
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revenues: $14.9 billion
expenditures: $15.6 billion, including capital expenditures
of $NA (2000 est.) |
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Industries:
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sugar, petroleum, tobacco, chemicals, construction, services, nickel,
steel, cement, agricultural machinery, biotechnology |
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Industrial production growth rate:
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0.2% (2001 est.) |
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Electricity - production:
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14.38 billion kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - production by source:
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fossil fuel: 93.9%
hydro: 0.6%
other: 5.4% (2001)
nuclear: 0% |
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Electricity - consumption:
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13.38 billion kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - exports:
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0 kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - imports:
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0 kWh (2001) |
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Oil - production:
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50,000 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Oil - consumption:
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163,000 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Oil - exports:
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NA (2001) |
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Oil - imports:
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NA (2001) |
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Oil - proved reserves:
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532 million bbl (37257) |
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Natural gas - production:
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600 million cu m (2001 est.) |
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Natural gas - consumption:
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600 million cu m (2001 est.) |
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Natural gas - exports:
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0 cu m (2001 est.) |
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Natural gas - imports:
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0 cu m (2001 est.) |
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Natural gas - proved reserves:
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42.62 billion cu m (37257) |
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Agriculture - products:
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sugar, tobacco, citrus, coffee, rice, potatoes, beans; livestock
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Exports:
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$1.8 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.) |
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Exports - commodities:
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sugar, nickel, tobacco, fish, medical products, citrus, coffee |
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Exports - partners:
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Netherlands 19.1%, Russia 18.1%, Canada 14.3%, Spain 9.5%, China
7.3% (2002) |
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Imports:
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$4.8 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.) |
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Imports - commodities:
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petroleum, food, machinery and equipment, chemicals |
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Imports - partners:
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Spain 17.2%, China 12%, Italy 9.1%, France 7.6%, Mexico 7.3%, Canada
6.2%, US 5.6%, Brazil 4.7% (2002) |
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Debt - external:
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$12.3 billion (convertible currency); another $15 billion -$20 billion
owed to Russia (2002 est.) |
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Economic aid - recipient:
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$68.2 million (1997 est.) |
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Currency:
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Cuban peso (CUP) |
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Currency code:
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CUP |
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Exchange rates:
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Cuban pesos per US dollar - 1.0000 (nonconvertible, official rate,
for international transactions, pegged to the US dollar); convertible
peso sold for domestic use at a rate of 1.00 US dollar per 27 pesos
by the Government of Cuba (2002) |
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Fiscal year:
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calendar year
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Railways:
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total: 3,442 km
standard gauge: 3,442 km 1.435-m gauge (142 km electrified)
note: an additional 7,742 km of track is used by sugar plantations;
about 65% of this track is standard gauge; the rest is narrow gauge
(2002) |
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Highways:
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total: 60,858 km
paved: 29,820 km (including 638 km of expressway)
unpaved: 31,038 km (1999 est.) |
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Waterways:
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240 km |
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Pipelines:
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gas 49 km; oil 230 km (2003) |
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Ports and harbors:
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Cienfuegos, Havana, Manzanillo, Mariel, Matanzas, Nuevitas, Santiago
de Cuba |
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Merchant marine:
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total: 15 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 59,257 GRT/90,295 DWT
ships by type: bulk 3, cargo 5, chemical tanker 1, liquefied
gas 1, petroleum tanker 3, refrigerated cargo 2 (2002 est.) |
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Airports:
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161 (2002) |
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total: 70
over 3,047 m: 7
2,438 to 3,047 m: 10
1,524 to 2,437 m: 22
under 914 m: 31 (2002) |
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Airports - with unpaved runways:
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total: 91
914 to 1,523 m: 28
under 914 m: 63 (2002)
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Military branches:
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Revolutionary Armed Forces (FAR) including Revolutionary Army (ER),
Revolutionary Navy (MGR), Air and Air Defense Force (DAAFAR), Territorial
Militia Troops (MTT), and Youth Labor Army (EJT); note - the Border
Guard Troops (TGF) are controlled by the Interior Ministry |
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Military manpower - military age:
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17 years of age (2003 est.) |
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Military manpower - availability:
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males age 15-49: 3,120,702
note: both sexes are liable for military service (2003 est.)
females age 15-49: 3,049,927 |
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Military manpower - fit for military service:
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males age 15-49: 1,923,967
females age 15-49: 1,875,412 (2003 est.) |
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Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
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males: 81,095
females: 87,780 (2003 est.) |
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Military expenditures - dollar figure:
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$NA |
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Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
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roughly 4% (FY95 est.) |
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Military - note:
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Moscow, for decades the key military supporter and supplier of Cuba,
cut off almost all military aid by 1993
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This page was last updated on 18 December,
2003
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