Legend:  Definition
 Field
Listing  Rank
Order
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Background:
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Colombia was one of the three countries that emerged from the collapse
of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others being Ecuador and Venezuela).
A 40-year insurgent campaign to overthrow the Colombian Government
escalated during the 1990s, undergirded in part by funds from the
drug trade. Although the violence is deadly and large swaths of
the countryside are under guerrilla influence, the movement lacks
the military strength or popular support necessary to overthrow
the government. An anti-insurgent army of paramilitaries has grown
to be several thousand strong in recent years, challenging the insurgents
for control of territory and illicit industries such as the drug
trade and the government's ability to exert its dominion over rural
areas. While Bogota steps up efforts to reassert government control
throughout the country, neighboring countries worry about the violence
spilling over their borders. |
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Location:
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Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Panama
and Venezuela, and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Ecuador
and Panama |
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Geographic coordinates:
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4 00 N, 72 00 W |
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Map references:
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South
America |
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Area:
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total: 1,138,910 sq km
land: 1,038,700 sq km
note: includes Isla de Malpelo, Roncador Cay, Serrana Bank,
and Serranilla Bank
water: 100,210 sq km |
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Area - comparative:
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slightly less than three times the size of Montana |
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Land boundaries:
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total: 6,004 km
border countries: Brazil 1,643 km, Ecuador 590 km, Panama
225 km, Peru 1,496 km (est.), Venezuela 2,050 km |
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Coastline:
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3,208 km (Caribbean Sea 1,760 km, North Pacific Ocean 1,448 km)
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Maritime claims:
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continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
territorial sea: 12 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM |
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Climate:
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tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands |
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Terrain:
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flat coastal lowlands, central highlands, high Andes Mountains,
eastern lowland plains |
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: Pico Cristobal Colon 5,775 m
note: nearby Pico Simon Bolivar also has the same elevation
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Natural resources:
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petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, nickel, gold, copper, emeralds,
hydropower |
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Land use:
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arable land: 1.9%
other: 96.14% (1998 est.)
permanent crops: 1.96% |
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Irrigated land:
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8,500 sq km (1998 est.) |
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Natural hazards:
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highlands subject to volcanic eruptions; occasional earthquakes;
periodic droughts |
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Environment - current issues:
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deforestation; soil and water quality damage from overuse of pesticides;
air pollution, especially in Bogota, from vehicle emissions |
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone
Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber
94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,
Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping |
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Geography - note:
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only South American country with coastlines on both North Pacific
Ocean and Caribbean Sea
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Population:
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41,662,073 (July 2003 est.) |
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Age structure:
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0-14 years: 31.3% (male 6,601,581; female 6,447,679)
15-64 years: 63.7% (male 12,931,093; female 13,626,333)
65 years and over: 4.9% (male 913,798; female 1,141,589)
(2003 est.) |
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Median age:
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total: 25.6 years
male: 24.8 years
female: 26.4 years (2002) |
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Population growth rate:
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1.56% (2003 est.) |
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Birth rate:
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21.59 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
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Death rate:
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5.63 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
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Net migration rate:
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-0.32 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
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Sex ratio:
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at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female
total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2003 est.) |
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Infant mortality rate:
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total: 22.47 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 18.34 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
male: 26.46 deaths/1,000 live births |
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total population: 71.14 years
male: 67.29 years
female: 75.12 years (2003 est.) |
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Total fertility rate:
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2.61 children born/woman (2003 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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0.4% (2001 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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140,000 (2001 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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5,600 (2001 est.) |
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Nationality:
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noun: Colombian(s)
adjective: Colombian |
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Ethnic groups:
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mestizo 58%, white 20%, mulatto 14%, black 4%, mixed black-Amerindian
3%, Amerindian 1% |
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Religions:
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Roman Catholic 90% |
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Languages:
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Spanish |
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Literacy:
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definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 92.5%
male: 92.4%
female: 92.6% (2003 est.)
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Country name:
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conventional long form: Republic of Colombia
conventional short form: Colombia
local short form: Colombia
local long form: Republica de Colombia |
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Government type:
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republic; executive branch dominates government structure |
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Capital:
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Bogota |
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Administrative divisions:
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32 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento) and 1 capital
district* (distrito capital); Amazonas, Antioquia, Arauca, Atlantico,
Distrito Capital de Bogota*, Bolivar, Boyaca, Caldas, Caqueta, Casanare,
Cauca, Cesar, Choco, Cordoba, Cundinamarca, Guainia, Guaviare, Huila,
La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Narino, Norte de Santander, Putumayo,
Quindio, Risaralda, San Andres y Providencia, Santander, Sucre,
Tolima, Valle del Cauca, Vaupes, Vichada |
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Independence:
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20 July 1810 (from Spain) |
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National holiday:
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Independence Day, 20 July (1810) |
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Constitution:
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5 July 1991 |
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Legal system:
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based on Spanish law; a new criminal code modeled after US procedures
was enacted in 1992-93; judicial review of executive and legislative
acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations |
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Suffrage:
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18 years of age; universal |
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Executive branch:
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chief of state: President Alvaro URIBE Velez (since 7 August
2002); Vice President Francisco SANTOS (since 7 August 2002); note
- the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Alvaro URIBE Velez (since 7
August 2002); Vice President Francisco SANTOS (since 7 August 2002);
note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
cabinet: Cabinet consists of a coalition of the two dominant
parties - the PL and PSC - and independents
elections: president and vice president elected by popular
vote for a four-year term; election last held 26 May 2002 (next
to be held NA May 2006)
election results: President Alvaro URIBE Velez received 53%
of the vote; Vice President Francisco SANTOS was elected on the
same ticket |
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Legislative branch:
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bicameral Congress or Congreso consists of the Senate or Senado
(102 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year
terms) and the House of Representatives or Camara de Representantes
(166 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year
terms)
elections: Senate - last held 10 March 2002 (next to be held
NA March 2006); House of Representatives - last held 10 March 2002
(next to be held NA March 2006)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%;
seats by party - PL 28, PSC 13, independents and smaller parties
(many aligned with conservatives) 61; House of Representatives -
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PL 54, PSC 21,
independents and other parties 91 |
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Judicial branch:
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four coequal, supreme judicial organs; Supreme Court of Justice
or Corte Suprema de Justical (highest court of criminal law; judges
are selected from the nominees of the Higher Council of Justice
for eight-year terms); Council of State (highest court of administrative
law, judges are selected from the nominees of the Higher Council
of Justice for eight-year terms); Constitutional Court (guards integrity
and supremacy of the constitution, rules on constitutionality of
laws, amendments to the constitution, and international treaties);
Higher Council of Justice (administers and disciplines the civilian
judiciary; members of the disciplinary chamber resolve jurisdictional
conflicts arising between other courts; members are elected by three
sister courts and Congress for eight-year terms) |
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Political parties and leaders:
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Conservative Party or PSC [Carlos HOLGUIN Sardi]; Liberal Party
or PL [Piedad CORDOBA and Juan Manuel LOPEZ Cabrales]; Colombian
Communist Party or PCC [Jaime CAICEDO]; 19 of April Movement or
M-19 [Antonio NAVARRO Wolff]
note: Colombia has about 60 formally recognized political
parties, most of which do not have a presence in either house of
Congress |
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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two largest insurgent groups active in Colombia - Revolutionary
Armed Forces of Colombia or FARC and National Liberation Army or
ELN; largest anti-insurgent paramilitary group is United Self-Defense
Groups of Colombia or AUC |
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International organization participation:
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BCIE, CAN, Caricom (observer), CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-15, G-3, G-24,
G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD,
IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES,
LAIA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR,
UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO |
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador Luis Alberto MORENO Mejia
chancery: 2118 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008
consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles,
Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, San Juan (Puerto Rico),
and Washington, DC
consulate(s): Atlanta
FAX: [1] (202) 232-8643
telephone: [1] (202) 387-8338 |
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador Anne W. PATTERSON
embassy: Calle 22D-BIS, numbers 47-51, Apartado Aereo 3831
mailing address: Carrera 45 #22D-45, Bogota, D.C., APO AA
34038
telephone: [57] (1) 315-0811
FAX: [57] (1) 315-2197 |
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Flag description:
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three horizontal bands of yellow (top, double-width), blue, and
red; similar to the flag of Ecuador, which is longer and bears the
Ecuadorian coat of arms superimposed in the center
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Economy - overview:
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Colombia's economy suffers from weak domestic and foreign demand,
austere government budgets, and serious internal armed conflict.
Other economic problems facing the new president URIBE range from
reforming the pension system to reducing high unemployment. Two
of Colombia's leading exports, oil and coffee, face an uncertain
future; new exploration is needed to offset declining oil production,
while coffee harvests and prices are depressed. Colombian business
leaders are calling for greater progress in solving the conflict
with insurgent groups. On the positive side, several international
financial institutions have praised the economic reforms introduced
by President URIBE and have pledged enough funding to cover Colombia's
debt servicing costs in 2003. |
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GDP:
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purchasing power parity - $251.6 billion (2002 est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate:
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1.5% (2002 est.) |
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GDP - per capita:
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purchasing power parity - $6,100 (2002 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 13%
industry: 30%
services: 57% (2001 est.) |
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Population below poverty line:
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55% (2001) |
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Household income or consumption by percentage
share:
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lowest 10%: 1%
highest 10%: 44% (1999) |
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Distribution of family income - Gini index:
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57.1 (1996) |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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6.2% (2002 est.) |
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Labor force:
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18.3 million (1999 est.) |
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Labor force - by occupation:
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services 46%, agriculture 30%, industry 24% (1990) |
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Unemployment rate:
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17.4% (2002 est.) |
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Budget:
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revenues: $24 billion
expenditures: $25.6 billion, including capital expenditures
of $NA (2001 est.) |
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Industries:
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textiles, food processing, oil, clothing and footwear, beverages,
chemicals, cement; gold, coal, emeralds |
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Industrial production growth rate:
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4% (2001 est.) |
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Electricity - production:
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42.99 billion kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - production by source:
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fossil fuel: 26%
hydro: 72.7%
other: 1.3% (2001)
nuclear: 0% |
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Electricity - consumption:
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39.81 billion kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - exports:
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210 million kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - imports:
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40 million kWh (2001) |
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Oil - production:
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614,400 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Oil - consumption:
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252,000 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Oil - exports:
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NA (2001) |
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Oil - imports:
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NA (2001) |
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Oil - proved reserves:
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1.8 billion bbl (37257) |
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Natural gas - production:
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5.7 billion cu m (2001 est.) |
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Natural gas - consumption:
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5.7 billion cu m (2001 est.) |
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Natural gas - exports:
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0 cu m (2001 est.) |
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Natural gas - imports:
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0 cu m (2001 est.) |
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Natural gas - proved reserves:
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132 billion cu m (37257) |
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Agriculture - products:
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coffee, cut flowers, bananas, rice, tobacco, corn, sugarcane, cocoa
beans, oilseed, vegetables; forest products; shrimp |
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Exports:
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$12.9 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.) |
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Exports - commodities:
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petroleum, coffee, coal, apparel, bananas, cut flowers |
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Exports - partners:
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US 44.8%, Venezuela 9.4%, Ecuador 6.8% (2002) |
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Imports:
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$12.5 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.) |
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Imports - commodities:
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industrial equipment, transportation equipment, consumer goods,
chemicals, paper products, fuels, electricity |
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Imports - partners:
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US 32.6%, Venezuela 7%, Mexico 5.3%, Japan 5.3%, Brazil 5.2%, Germany
4.2% (2002) |
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Debt - external:
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$38.4 billion (2002 est.) |
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Economic aid - recipient:
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$NA |
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Currency:
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Colombian peso (COP) |
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Currency code:
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COP |
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Exchange rates:
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Colombian pesos per US dollar - 2,504.24 (2002), 2,299.63 (2001),
2,087.9 (2000), 1,756.23 (1999), 1,426.04 (1998) |
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Fiscal year:
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calendar year
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Railways:
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total: 3,304 km
standard gauge: 150 km 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 3,154 km 0.914-m gauge (2002) |
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Highways:
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total: 110,000 km
paved: 26,000 km
unpaved: 84,000 km (2000) |
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Waterways:
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18,140 km (navigable by river boats) (April 1996) |
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Pipelines:
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gas 4,360 km; oil 6,134 km; refined products 3,140 km (2003) |
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Ports and harbors:
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Bahia de Portete, Barranquilla, Buenaventura, Cartagena, Leticia,
Puerto Bolivar, San Andres, Santa Marta, Tumaco, Turbo |
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Merchant marine:
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total: 15 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 51,445 GRT/55,930 DWT
ships by type: bulk 5, cargo 6, container 1, petroleum tanker
3
note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a
flag of convenience: Germany 1 (2002 est.) |
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Airports:
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1,050 (2002) |
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total: 96
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 9
914 to 1,523 m: 36
under 914 m: 11 (2002)
1,524 to 2,437 m: 38 |
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Airports - with unpaved runways:
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total: 954
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 51
under 914 m: 587 (2002)
914 to 1,523 m: 315 |
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Heliports:
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1 (2002)
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This page was last updated on 18 December,
2003
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