Legend:  Definition
 Field
Listing  Rank
Order
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Background:
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The former French Cameroon and part of British Cameroon merged in
1961 to form the present country. Cameroon has generally enjoyed
stability, which has permitted the development of agriculture, roads,
and railways, as well as a petroleum industry. Despite movement
toward democratic reform, political power remains firmly in the
hands of an ethnic oligarchy. |
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Location:
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Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra, between Equatorial
Guinea and Nigeria |
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Geographic coordinates:
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6 00 N, 12 00 E |
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Map references:
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Africa
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Area:
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total: 475,440 sq km
water: 6,000 sq km
land: 469,440 sq km |
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Area - comparative:
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slightly larger than California |
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Land boundaries:
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total: 4,591 km
border countries: Central African Republic 797 km, Chad 1,094
km, Republic of the Congo 523 km, Equatorial Guinea 189 km, Gabon
298 km, Nigeria 1,690 km |
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Coastline:
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402 km |
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Maritime claims:
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territorial sea: 50 NM |
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Climate:
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varies with terrain, from tropical along coast to semiarid and hot
in north |
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Terrain:
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diverse, with coastal plain in southwest, dissected plateau in center,
mountains in west, plains in north |
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Fako (on Cameroon Mountain) 4,095 m |
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Natural resources:
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petroleum, bauxite, iron ore, timber, hydropower |
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Land use:
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arable land: 12.81%
permanent crops: 2.58%
other: 84.61% (1998 est.) |
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Irrigated land:
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330 sq km (1998 est.) |
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Natural hazards:
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volcanic activity with periodic releases of poisonous gases from
Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun volcanoes |
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Environment - current issues:
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water-borne diseases are prevalent; deforestation; overgrazing;
desertification; poaching; overfishing |
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer
Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94
signed, but not ratified: Nuclear Test Ban |
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Geography - note:
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sometimes referred to as the hinge of Africa; throughout the country
there are areas of thermal springs and indications of current or
prior volcanic activity; Mount Cameroon, the highest mountain in
Sub-Saharan west Africa, is an active volcano
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Population:
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15,746,179
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account
the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in
lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates,
lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution
of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July
2003 est.) |
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Age structure:
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0-14 years: 42.3% (male 3,372,129; female 3,291,295)
15-64 years: 54.5% (male 4,315,672; female 4,265,286)
65 years and over: 3.2% (male 227,444; female 274,353) (2003
est.) |
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Median age:
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total: 18.4 years
male: 18.2 years
female: 18.5 years (2002) |
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Population growth rate:
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2.02% (2003 est.) |
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Birth rate:
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35.49 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
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Death rate:
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15.3 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
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Net migration rate:
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0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
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Sex ratio:
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at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female
total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2003 est.) |
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Infant mortality rate:
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total: 70.12 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 65.91 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
male: 74.2 deaths/1,000 live births |
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total population: 48.05 years
male: 47.15 years
female: 48.97 years (2003 est.) |
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Total fertility rate:
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4.63 children born/woman (2003 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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11.8% (2001 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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920,000 (2001 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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53,000 (2001 est.) |
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Nationality:
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noun: Cameroonian(s)
adjective: Cameroonian |
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Ethnic groups:
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Cameroon Highlanders 31%, Equatorial Bantu 19%, Kirdi 11%, Fulani
10%, Northwestern Bantu 8%, Eastern Nigritic 7%, other African 13%,
non-African less than 1% |
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Religions:
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indigenous beliefs 40%, Christian 40%, Muslim 20% |
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Languages:
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24 major African language groups, English (official), French (official)
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Literacy:
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definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 79%
male: 84.7%
female: 73.4% (2003 est.)
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Country name:
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conventional long form: Republic of Cameroon
conventional short form: Cameroon
former: French Cameroon |
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Government type:
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unitary republic; multiparty presidential regime (opposition parties
legalized in 1990)
note: preponderance of power remains with the president |
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Capital:
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Yaounde |
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Administrative divisions:
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10 provinces; Adamaoua, Centre, Est, Extreme-Nord, Littoral, Nord,
Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Ouest |
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Independence:
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1 January 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship) |
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National holiday:
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Republic Day (National Day), 20 May (1972) |
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Constitution:
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20 May 1972 approved by referendum; 2 June 1972 formally adopted;
revised January 1996 |
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Legal system:
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based on French civil law system, with common law influence; has
not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
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Suffrage:
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20 years of age; universal |
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Executive branch:
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chief of state: President Paul BIYA (since 6 November 1982)
elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year
term; election last held 12 October 1997 (next to be held NA October
2004); prime minister appointed by the president
head of government: Prime Minister Peter Mafany MUSONGE (since
19 September 1996)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from proposals
submitted by the prime minister
election results: President Paul BIYA reelected; percent
of vote - Paul BIYA 92.6%; note - supporters of the opposition candidates
boycotted the elections, making a comparison of vote shares relatively
meaningless |
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Legislative branch:
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unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (180 seats;
members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms;
note - the president can either lengthen or shorten the term of
the legislature)
elections: last held 23 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by
party - RDCP 133, SDF 21, UDC 5, other 21
note: the constitution calls for an upper chamber for the
legislature, to be called a Senate, but it has yet to be established
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Judicial branch:
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Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president); High Court
of Justice (consists of 9 judges and 6 substitute judges, elected
by the National Assembly) |
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Political parties and leaders:
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Cameroonian Democratic Union or UDC [Adamou NDAM NJOYA]; Democratic
Rally of the Cameroon People or RDCP [Paul BIYA]; Movement for the
Defense of the Republic or MDR [Dakole DAISSALA]; Movement for the
Liberation and Development of Cameroon or MLDC [leader Marcel YONDO];
Movement for the Youth of Cameroon or MYC [Dieudonne TINA]; National
Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Maigari BELLO BOUBA];
Social Democratic Front or SDF [John FRU NDI]; Union of Cameroonian
Populations or UPC [Augustin Frederic KODOCK] |
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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Southern Cameroon National Council [Frederick Ebong ALOBWEDE]; Human
Rights Defense Group [Albert MUKONG, president] |
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International organization participation:
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ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC, C, CEEAC, CEMAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-19, G-77,
IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB,
IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent),
ITU, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UN Security Council (temporary),
UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO,
WTrO |
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador Jerome MENDOUGA
chancery: 2349 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
FAX: [1] (202) 387-3826
telephone: [1] (202) 265-8790 |
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador George McDade STAPLES
embassy: Rue Nachtigal, Yaounde
mailing address: P. O. Box 817, Yaounde; pouch: American
Embassy, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-2520
telephone: [237] 223-05-12, 222-25-89, 222-17-94, 223-40-14
FAX: [237] 223-07-53
branch office(s): Douala |
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Flag description:
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three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), red, and yellow
with a yellow five-pointed star centered in the red band; uses the
popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
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Economy - overview:
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Because of its oil resources and favorable agricultural conditions,
Cameroon has one of the best-endowed primary commodity economies
in sub-Saharan Africa. Still, it faces many of the serious problems
facing other underdeveloped countries, such as a top-heavy civil
service and a generally unfavorable climate for business enterprise.
Since 1990, the government has embarked on various IMF and World
Bank programs designed to spur business investment, increase efficiency
in agriculture, improve trade, and recapitalize the nation's banks.
In June 2000, the government completed an IMF-sponsored, three-year
structural adjustment program; however, the IMF is pressing for
more reforms, including increased budget transparency, privatization,
and poverty reduction programs. International oil and cocoa prices
have considerable impact on the economy. |
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GDP:
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purchasing power parity - $26.84 billion (2002 est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate:
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4% (2002 est.) |
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GDP - per capita:
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purchasing power parity - $1,700 (2002 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 46%
industry: 21%
services: 33% (2001 est.) |
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Population below poverty line:
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48% (2000 est.) |
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Household income or consumption by percentage
share:
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lowest 10%: 1.9%
highest 10%: 36.6% (1996) |
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Distribution of family income - Gini index:
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47.7 (1996) |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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4.5% (2002 est.) |
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Labor force:
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NA |
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Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture 70%, industry and commerce 13%, other 17% |
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Unemployment rate:
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30% (2001 est.) |
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Budget:
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revenues: $2.2 billion
expenditures: $2.1 billion, including capital expenditures
of $NA (FY 00/01 est.) |
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Industries:
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petroleum production and refining, food processing, light consumer
goods, textiles, lumber |
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Industrial production growth rate:
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4.2% (1999 est.) |
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Electricity - production:
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3.613 billion kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - production by source:
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fossil fuel: 2.7%
hydro: 97.3%
other: 0% (2001)
nuclear: 0% |
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Electricity - consumption:
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3.36 billion kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - exports:
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0 kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - imports:
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0 kWh (2001) |
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Oil - production:
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76,650 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Oil - consumption:
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22,000 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Oil - exports:
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NA (2001) |
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Oil - imports:
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NA (2001) |
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Oil - proved reserves:
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200 million bbl (37257) |
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Natural gas - production:
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0 cu m (2001 est.) |
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Natural gas - consumption:
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0 cu m (2001 est.) |
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Natural gas - exports:
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0 cu m (2001 est.) |
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Natural gas - imports:
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0 cu m (2001 est.) |
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Natural gas - proved reserves:
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55.22 billion cu m (37257) |
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Agriculture - products:
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coffee, cocoa, cotton, rubber, bananas, oilseed, grains, root starches;
livestock; timber |
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Exports:
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$1.9 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.) |
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Exports - commodities:
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crude oil and petroleum products, lumber, cocoa beans, aluminum,
coffee, cotton |
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Exports - partners:
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Italy 16.7%, Spain 16%, France 12.8%, US 8.3%, Netherlands 8.2%,
Taiwan 7.7%, China 5.2%, UK 4.4% (2002) |
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Imports:
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$1.7 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.) |
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Imports - commodities:
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machinery, electrical equipment, transport equipment, fuel, food
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Imports - partners:
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France 28.2%, Nigeria 12.8%, US 8%, Belgium 5.7%, Germany 5.3%,
Italy 4.3% (2002) |
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Debt - external:
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$8.6 billion (2002 est.) |
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Economic aid - recipient:
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on 23 January 2001, the Paris Club agreed to reduce Cameroon's debt
of $1.3 billion by $900 million; total debt relief now amounts to
$1.26 billion |
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Currency:
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Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible
authority is the Bank of the Central African States |
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Currency code:
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XAF |
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Exchange rates:
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Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar - 696.99
(2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.7 (1999), 589.95 (1998)
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Fiscal year:
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1 July - 30 June
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Railways:
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total: 1,008 km
narrow gauge: 1,008 km 1.000-m gauge (2002) |
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Highways:
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total: 34,300 km
paved: 4,288 km
unpaved: 30,012 km (1999 est.) |
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Waterways:
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2,090 km (of decreasing importance) (2002) |
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Pipelines:
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gas 90 km; liquid petroleum gas 9 km; oil 1,124 km (2003) |
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Ports and harbors:
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Bonaberi, Douala, Garoua, Kribi, Tiko |
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Airports:
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49 (2002) |
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total: 11
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 4
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2002) |
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Airports - with unpaved runways:
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total: 38
1,524 to 2,437 m: 7
914 to 1,523 m: 20
under 914 m: 11 (2002)
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Disputes - international:
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ICJ ruled in 2002 on the Cameroon-Nigeria land and maritime boundary
by awarding the potentially petroleum-rich Bakassi Peninsula and
offshore region to Cameroon; Nigeria rejected cession of the peninsula,
but the parties have formed a Joint Border Commission to resolve
differences bilaterally and have commenced with demarcation in less-contested
sections of the boundary; Lake Chad Commission continues to urge
signatories Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria to ratify delimitation
treaty over the lake region, which remains the site of armed clashes
among local populations and militias; Nigeria agreed to ratify the
treaty and relinquish sovereignty of disputed lands to Cameroon
by December 2003
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This page was last updated on 18 December,
2003
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