Umayyad
The Umayyad Dynasty (ummawiyy) was the first dynasty of caliphs of the Prophet Muhammad who were not closely related to Muhammad himself, though they were of the same Makkan clan. The first dynasty reigned from 661 to 750.Muawiyah had been the governor of Syria under the 3rd and 4th caliphs, Uthman ibn Affan and Ali Ben Abu Talib. He fought and killed Ali in Egypt in 661 and declared himself caliph of Islam. He founded the dynasty and set the capitol to Damascus.
The Umayyads were overthrown in the east by the Abbasid dynasty. An Umayyad prince, Abd-ar-rahman I, took over the Muslim territory in Spain and founded a new Umayyad dynasty there.
The Umayyad Caliphs
- Muawiyah I ibn Abu Sufyan, 661-680
- Yazid I ibn Muawiyah, 680-683
- Muawiya II ibn Yazid, 683-684
- Marwan I, 684-685
- Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, 685-705
- al-Walid I ibn Abd al-Malik, 705-715
- Suleiman ibn Abd al-Malik, 715-717
- Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, 717-720
- Yazid II ibn Abd al-Malik, 720-724
- Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik, 724-743
- al-Walid II ibn Abd al-Malik, 743-744
- Yazid III ibn Abd al-Malik, 744
- Ibrahim ibn Abd al-Malik, 744
- Marwan II, 744-750
- Abd-ar-rahman I, 756-788
- Hisham I, 788-796
- al-Hakam I, 796-822
- Abd-ar-rahman II, 822-852
- Muhammad I, 852-886
- al-Mundhir, 886-888
- Abdallah ibn Muhammad, 888-912
- Abd-ar-rahman III, 912-929
- Abd-ar-rahman III, as caliph, 929-961
- Al-Hakam II, 961-976
- Hisham II, 976-1008
- Mohammed II, 1008-1009
- Suleiman, 1009-1010
- Hisham II, restored, 1010-1012
- Suleiman, restored, 1012-1017
- Abd-ar-rahman IV, 1021-1022
- Abd-ar-rahman V, 1022-1023
- Muhammad III, 1023-1024
- Hisham III, 1027-1031