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- Grapefruit (4275 bytes)
1: ...xobox_begin | color = lightgreen | name = Grapefruit}}
2: ...t of grapefruit]] | caption = A basket of grapefruit}}
10: {{Taxobox_genus_entry | taxon = ''[[Citrus]]''}}
13: ...ial botany | color = lightgreen | binomial_name =Citrus × paradisi | author = Macfad.}}
16: ...or its [[fruit]], which are also known as grapefruit. - List of U.S. state capitals (5230 bytes)
2: This is a '''list of U.S. state capitals''':
5: ! State !! Capital !! Year of current [[capitol]] construction
13: | [[1923]] — [[1931]]
20: | [[Little Rock, Arkansas|Little Rock]]
104: | [[Jefferson City, Missouri|Jefferson City]] - History of China (45919 bytes)
2: ... into the Chinese identity. These cultural and political influences from many parts of Asia as well as...
7: ...times, the [[Huang He]] valley began to establish itself as a cultural center, where the first village...
11: ...ological site]]s such as [[Sanxingdui]] and [[Erlitou]] show evidence of a [[Bronze Age]] [[Civilizat...
14: ...asty|Shang]] and [[Zhou Dynasty|Zhou]] dynasties. It is during this period of the ''Three Dynasties'' ...
18: ...Dynasty (1122 BC - 256 BC)|Zhou]] bronze vessel writings, the Xia remains poorly understood. - List of people by name: Ac (3800 bytes)
5: ...aries, Louis]], (born 1954), boxer, former world title challenger, now promoter
8: ..., Marcel]], (1899-1974), playwrighter and scriptwriter
9: ... Achebe|Achebe, Chinua]], (born 1930), Nigerian writer
12: ...Goodrich Acheson|Acheson, Edward Goodrich]] (1856-1931) - List of people by name: Ag (3474 bytes)
7: *[[Ajit Agarkar|Agarkar, Ajit]], (1977-), Indian cricketer
24: *[[Gianni Agnelli|Agnelli, Gianni]], (1921-2003), Italian industrialist
25: *[[Agnes de Poitou]], (1020-1077), regent of the [[Holy Roman Empi...
26: ...tana Agnesi|Agnesi, Maria Gaetana]], (1718-1799), Italian polymath
27: ..., Spiro]], (1918-1996), [[Vice President of the United States]] - List of people by name: Ai (1915 bytes)
4: ...chel, Jan Santini]], (circa 1670-1723), Czech architect
7: ...d|Aidid, Mohammed Farah]], (1934-1996), Somali politician and clan leader
9: ..., ɴienne]], (1773-1824), translator, political writer, librettist, playwright, member of the Acad魩e...
15: ...[Lucy Aikin|Aikin, Lucy]], (1781-1864), English writer
17: *[[Alvin Ailey|Ailey, Alvin]], (1931-1985), dancer, choreographer - Hattie Caraway (2502 bytes)
1: ...an elected to serve as a [[United States Senate|United States Senator]].
7: ...me and her husband practiced law and started a political career.
9: ...te]] where he served until he died in office in [[1931]].
11: ...932]] becoming the first woman elected to the [[United States Senate]]. (''see also: [[Rebecca Latimer...
15: ...ld run for reelection. Populist [[Louisiana]] politician [[Huey Long]] travelled to Arkansas on a 9-d... - Emma Goldman (12210 bytes)
3: ... and was later deported to [[Russia]], where she witnessed events of the [[Russian Revolution of 1917|...
6: ...ds for her anarchist ideas and her independent attitude.
9: ...lly married, allowing her to retain her American citizenship.
12: ==New York City==
13: ... Frick]] made her highly unpopular with the authorities. Berkman (or Sasha as she fondly referred to h... - Isak Dinesen (2959 bytes)
5: ...s]] and French [[Croix de Guerre]] while serving with the [[Canada|Canadian]] army in the [[First Worl...
7: ...tation until the collapse of the coffee market in 1931 forced her to abandon the project.
9: ...tions of short stories; she also wrote a novel entitled ''The Angelic Avengers'', under the pseudonym ...
11: She died in Rungsted, apparently from malnutrition. She had suffered for many years from [[syphi...
15: * ''The Hermits'' (1907, published in a Danish journal under the... - Toni Morrison (2576 bytes)
2: ...n '''Chloe Anthony Wofford''', [[February 18]], [[1931]] in [[Lorain, Ohio]].
4: ...er novel [[Beloved (novel)|Beloved]] won the [[Pulitzer Prize for Fiction]] in [[1988]]. This story de...
6: ...e Morrison's own work in the canon of [[American Literature]].
8: ...rly love]]. She was awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] in [[1993]], the first African-American ...
10: ...Professor of the Humanities at [[Princeton University]]. - Ayn Rand (18001 bytes)
9: place_of_death=[[New York City]], [[New York]]
11: ...as the ideal and made it the express goal of her literature to showcase such heroes. She believed:
13: ...dividual has a right to exist for his own sake, neither sacrificing self to others nor others to self;...
19: ...present when Ayn chose the name Rand from a typewriter.
22: ...e United States. Her first literary success came with the sale of her screenplay ''[[Red Pawn]]'' in [... - Gertrude Stein (13569 bytes)
1: ...nd catalyst in the development of modern art and literature, who spent most of her life in [[France]].
3: [[Image:Homosexualitystein.jpg|thumb|right|Gertrude Stein and her love...
7: ...legheny, Pennsylvania]] (now the North Side of [[Pittsburgh]]), her family moved to [[Vienna]] and the...
9: ...image:Stein_by_picasso.jpg|thumb|left|326px|Portrait of Gertrude Stein by [[Pablo Picasso]], 1906]]
11: ...o [[France]] during the height of artistic creativity gathering in [[Montparnasse]]. - Amelia Earhart (9225 bytes)
2: ...1897]] - c.[[July 2]], [[1937]]) was a famous [[United States|American]] [[aviator]], known for breaki...
6: ... spent the first twelve years of her life living with her mother's parents.
8: ...tts]]. During this time, she was able to keep up with aviation as a weekend hobbyist. She was even fea...
10: ...hart referred to the marriage as a "partnership" with "dual control."
14: ...pasture near [[Derry]], [[Northern Ireland]], [[United Kingdom]]. She received the [[Distinguished Fly... - Amy Johnson (2606 bytes)
4: ...went to work in [[London]] as secretary to a solicitor. She was introduced to flying as a hobby, gaini...
6: From this, she went on to qualify as the first British-trained woman ground engineer.
8: ...don]]. She received a [[Harmon Trophy]] in recognition of this achievement.
10: ...] in a [[De Havilland]] [[Puss Moth]] co-piloted with [[Jack Humphreys]].
14: In [[1932]], she married the famous British pilot [[Jim Mollison]], who had proposed to he... - Virginia Woolf (9482 bytes)
3: ...war]]s, Woolf was a significant figure in London literary society and a member of the [[Bloomsbury gro...
7: ...stently in dialogue with Bloomsbury, particularly its tendency (informed by [[G.E. Moore]], among othe...
9: ...els and essays as a public intellectual to both critical and popular success. Much of her work was sel...
11: ...e dark," and her literary achievements and creativity are influential even today.
13: ...f life through the art, sexual ambivalence and meditation on the themes of flux of time and life, pres... - Bessie Coleman (4340 bytes)
4: ...d Normal University, Oklahoma (now Langton University) until her funds ran out.
6: ...there with her brothers. She also worked at the White Sox Barber Shop as a manicurist. There she heard...
8: ...fender, who capitalized on her flamboyant personality and her beauty to promote his newspaper, and to ...
10: ...as black and a woman. Coleman was the only non-white student at her French flight school, and she lea...
12: ... newspapers, she was admired by both blacks and whites. In [[1922]], she participated at her first air... - Grace Hopper (7469 bytes)
3: .... Hopper began teaching mathematics at Vassar in 1931; by [[1941]] she was an [[associate professor]].
5: .... She was the first person to write a program for it. At the end of the war she was discharged from t...
7: ...r versions were released commercially as the [[ARITH-MATIC]], [[MATH-MATIC]] and [[FLOW-MATIC]] compi...
9: ...ine code, such as the [[assembler]]s of the time. It is fair to say that COBOL was based very much on ...
12: ...for a six-month period that turned into an indefinite assignment. She was promoted to Captain in [[19... - Helen Sawyer Hogg (1921 bytes)
5: ...on star clusters. She received her doctorate in [[1931]] from [[Radcliffe College]].
9: ..., a professor emeritus of English at the [[University of Toronto]], who died in [[1988]]. She died of ...
21: ===Obituaries===
22: ...25''' (1993) 1497] (a simple reference to JRASC obituary) --> - Maria Goeppert-Mayer (4176 bytes)
3: ...tant of James Franck. The couple moved to the [[United States]], Mayer's home country.
5: ...ed a Nobel Prize in Physics in [[1963]] together with [[Eugene Paul Wigner]] and [[J. Hans D. Jensen ]...
7: ... like the Earth spinning on its axis as the Earth itself is spinning around the Sun. Maria described t...
9: ...other. Then imagine that in each circle, you can fit twice as many dancers by having one pair go clock...
11: ...d as saying, "winning the prize wasn't half as exciting as doing the work." - Josephine Baker (5957 bytes)
1: ....JPG|thumb|Josephine Baker in a [[burlesque]] outfit]]
3: ...e Black Venus." She became a [[France|French]] [[citizen]] in [[1937]].
5: ...] as a teen, gradually heading toward [[New York City]] during the [[Harlem Renaissance]], performing ...
7: ...d the musicians, adding yet another element of excitement to the show.
9: ...he most sensational woman anyone ever saw." In addition to being a musical star, Baker also starred in... - Sofia Gubaidulina (8325 bytes)
1: ...ı Ğ?dullina''') (born [[October 24]], [[1931]]) is a [[Russia]]n-[[Tatar]] [[composer]] of dee...
3: ...ervatory with Nikolay Peyko until 1959, and then with Shebalin until 1963.
5: ...ing|tunings]]. She was supported, however, by [[Dmitri Shostakovich]], who in evaluating her final exa...
7: ...d Astreja, a folk-instrument improvisation group with fellow composers Victor Suslin and Vyacheslav Ar...
9: ...T. S. Eliot]], using the text from the poet's spiritual masterpiece ''[[Four Quartets]]''. - Bonnie and Clyde (17385 bytes)
3: ... States]] during the [[Great Depression]], often with various members of the [[Barrow gang]].
5: ...s referred to as the [[public enemy era]] between 1931 and 1935, a period which led to the formation of ...
11: ...hey viewed as certain. She was fond of creative writing and the arts. Her poem "The Story of Bonnie an...
15: ...Clyde acted without criminal intent. However, despite holding down "square" jobs during the period 192...
19: ...ght it was anything special. Nobody guessed where it would lead."{{ref|knight}} - Aimee Semple McPherson (13395 bytes)
9: ...eaking career at the age of 13 in this context, writing letters to the newspaper defending [[evolution...
13: ...September 17, after which she returned to the [[United States]].
15: ...er in this work. While so occupied in [[New York City|New York]], she met her second husband, Harold S...
23: ...ullhorn. On the road between sermons, she would sit in the back seat typing sermons and other religio...
25: ...filed for separation. His petition for divorce, citing abandonment, was granted in 1921. - Mother Teresa (22682 bytes)
4: ... [[nun]] and founder of the [[Missionaries of Charity]] whose work among the [[poverty|poor]] of Calcu...
6: ...80]]. She was made an [[Honorary Citizen of the United States]] in [[1996]] (one of only six). She was...
9: ...though most Albanians are [[Muslim]] and the majority of their native Macedonia are [[Macedonian Ortho...
11: ...Loreto]], an [[Ireland|Irish]] community of nuns with a mission in [[Calcutta]].
13: ...al vows in May [[1937]], acquiring the religious title ''Mother Teresa''. - Mata Hari (3970 bytes)
1: ...cted [[espionage|spy]], made her name synonymous with ''[[femme fatale]]'' during [[World War I|WWI]]....
5: ...ve had affairs with many military officers and politicians.
7: ...e ever produced any substantial intelligence for either side. All of the stories about the fortunes of...
11: ...perly. The tale is highly unlikely to be true, as it bears a suspicious resemblance to [[Puccini]]'s p...
13: "[[Harlot]], yes. But [[traitor]]ess? Never!" —attributed to Mata Hari, on... - Odette Sansom (1906 bytes)
5: ...rations Executive]] and return to France to work with the [[French Resistance|French underground]] in ...
7: ...r [[Cannes]] in [[1942]], where she made contact with her supervisor, [[Peter Churchill]]. Using the ...
9: ...pe was that in this way their treatment would be mitigated.
17: Odette was appointed an [[Order of the British Empire|MBE]] and was awarded the [[George Cros... - Leni Riefenstahl (8095 bytes)
5: ...ue Light]]'' she took it; her main interest was initially in fictional films.
7: ...ted that she would ever have a relationship with Hitler.
9: ...Olympia_(film)|Olympia]]'', a film celebrated for its technical and aesthetic achievements. She was th...
13: ...r atrocities—a position which many of her critics dismiss as ridiculous.
15: ...istance, protests, sharp criticisms, and an inability to secure funding. The few films she made were s... - Tallulah Bankhead (6331 bytes)
2: ..., [[1902]] - [[December 12]], [[1968]]) was a [[United States]] [[actor|actress]], talk-show host, and...
4: ...II]] ([[1872]]-[[1946]]) (Democrat from Alabama [[1931]]-[[1946]]), and granddaughter of Senator [[John ...
6: ...ily to let her move to New York. She quickly won bit parts, first appearing in a non-speaking role in ...
8: ...e known for her wit, although as screenwriter [[Anita Loos]], another minor Roundtable member said: "S...
10: ... End]]'s -- and [[England]]'s -- best-known celebrities. - Greta Garbo (9957 bytes)
10: ...re, she met the [[Sweden|Swedish]] director [[Mauritz Stiller]]. He trained her in [[film|cinema]] [[a...
12: When Stiller went to the [[United States]] in [[1925]] to work for [[Metro-Goldwy...
17: ...on-and-off affair with the primarily homosexual British photographer [[Cecil Beaton]], to whom she was...
19: ...'' ([[1930 in film|1930]]), which was publicized with the slogan "Garbo Talks." The movie was a huge s...
21: ..., her one-time fianc鬠John Gilbert, whose popularity was waning, did not fare as well after the adven... - Scientific revolution (17675 bytes)
1: ...rnicus]] in [[1543]], while others wish to extend it into the [[18th century]]. Nevertheless, the basi...
3: ...science was highly [[Aristotle|Aristotelian]]; at its end, science was [[mathematics|mathematical]], [...
7: ...oses in such debates may arise from lack of recognition of these fundamental differences.
9: ...ed in the modern world; there is no concern here with "other narratives" or alternate ways of knowing,...
11: ...of the causes of the revolution (Margolis, 2002). It may be summarized in the following lists of signi... - North America (12844 bytes)
2: ...te orthographic.jpg|thumb|250px|A satellite composite image of North America]]
4: ...001 its population was estimated at 454,225,000. It can be geographically defined by subtracting [[So...
6: ...areful --> considered to include Canada and the United States, but not Mexico or any of the [[Central ...
7: ...rica is only a subcontinent composed by Canada, United States and Mexico.
9: ...ca, considering it too small to be a continent of its own. - Australia (39438 bytes)
9: capital =[[Canberra]]|
11: largest_city =[[Sydney]]|
12: government_type=[[Constitutional monarchy|Const. monarchy]]|
13: leader_titles = [[Queen of Australia|Queen]]<br>[[Governor-G...
14: leader_names = [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Michael Jeffery]]<b... - Canada (35540 bytes)
1: ...t until the consensus changes before making the edit. Thank you.
3: ...about Canada linked from this article, e.g., [[Politics of Canada]], [[Geography of Canada]], etc. Tha...
6: ...ssia]]). Bordering the [[United States]], its territorial claims extend north into the [[Arctic Ocean]...
8: ...democracy]] and is a [[constitutional monarchy]] with [[Elizabeth II of Canada|Queen Elizabeth II]] as...
10: ...anguage|English]] and [[French language|French]]. Its [[Statistics Canada|official]] population estima... - Historical capital of China (5927 bytes)
1: Numerous cities have been the '''[[capital]] of [[China]]''' during the course of history....
3: * [[Anyang]] was the capital during the Yin period of [[Shang Dynasty]]: cal...
5: ... and briefly ''Peiping'') was and has been the capital of various Chinese governments including (sorte...
8: ...d Yanjing (燕京 Yānjīng "capital of Yan")
10: ...u (中都 Zhōngdū "central capital") - Spain (36498 bytes)
1: ..., and the tiny [[Parsley Island]] ([[Disputed territories|disputed]]). Due to the [[Spanish colonisati...
15: capital = [[Madrid]] |
17: largest_city = [[Madrid]] |
19: leader_titles = [[Kings of Spain|King]]<br>[[President of th...
23: area_magnitude = 1 E11 | - Thebes, Egypt (3900 bytes)
2: ... a striking testimony to Egyptian civilization at its height.
4: ...[Zeus]] being the god whom the Greeks identified with [[Amun]]).
6: ...he temple of [[Karnak]], which is located in the city.
8: ...rtant temples that stood on the outskirts of the city.
10: ==Important archaeological sites in Thebes== - Ancient history (7857 bytes)
1: ...rope ancient history was followed by [[Late Antiquity]] and the [[Middle Ages]].
3: ...t|cuneiform]] possibly being the oldest form of writing. [[Genetic]] evidence, however, points to the ...
12: *African Ancient Kingdoms: [[Axumite Kingdom]], [[Kush]], etc.
17: *[[Hittites]]
23: *[[Mitanni]] - Babe Ruth (55357 bytes)
2: ...The Sporting News]]'' named Ruth as Number One in its list of "Baseball's 100 Greatest Players."
4: ...he "power game" compelled other teams to follow suit, breaking the monopoly of the "inside game" that ...
9: ... countless hours on hitting, fielding and later, pitching.
10: ...pg|thumb|right|400px|Babe Ruth, full-length portrait, standing, facing front, holding up bat, in baseb...
12: ...atthias promptly switched George from catcher to pitcher to teach him a lesson. But, instead of gettin... - Georgia (U.S. state) (26579 bytes)
9: Capital = [[Atlanta, Georgia|Atlanta]] |
10: LargestCity = [[Atlanta, Georgia|Atlanta]] |
21: DensityRank = 18<sup>th</sup> |
22: 2000Density = 54.59 |
23: AdmittanceOrder = 4<sup>th</sup> | - Iowa (24205 bytes)
9: Capital = [[Des Moines, Iowa|Des Moines]] |
11: LargestCity = [[Des Moines, Iowa|Des Moines]] |
21: DensityRank = 33<sup>rd</sup> |
22: 2000Density = 20.22 |
23: AdmittanceOrder = 29<sup>th</sup> | - Nevada (17565 bytes)
9: ... Capital = [[Carson City, Nevada|Carson City]] |
10: LargestCity = [[Las Vegas, Nevada|Las Vegas]] |
21: DensityRank = 43<sup>rd</sup> |
22: 2000Density = 7.03 |
23: AdmittanceOrder = 36th | - Timeline of invention (28171 bytes)
3: ...ntion into a practical form. Where there is ambiguity, the date of the first practical, fielded versio...
5: ===[[Paleolithic|Paleolithic Era]]===
36: * 3500 BC: [[Cuneiform script|Writing]] in [[Sumer]]
62: ...century BC|400s BC]]: [[Catapult]] in [[Syracuse, Italy|Syracuse]]
99: ...eglasses]] in [[Italy in the Middle Ages|Northern Italy]] - List of people by name: Y (12717 bytes)
5: ...|Yadav, Laloo Prasad]] (born 1948), [[India]]n politician
11: *[[Yakubu Gowon]] (born 1934), military leader of [[Nigeria]]
13: ...ihu Yale|Yale, Elihu]] (1649-1721), [[Yale University]] benefactor
20: ... Minoru]] (1912-1986), [[United States|US]] [[architect]]
21: *[[Tomoyuki Yamashita|Yamashita, Tomoyuki]] (1885-1946), Japanese lieutenant gen... - St. Peter's Basilica (17805 bytes)
2: ...ntioch]] and later first [[Bishop of Rome]]. Tradition holds that his [[tomb]] is below the baldochin...
4: ...iovanni in Laterano]]. However, due to the proximity of the Papal residence, most Papal ceremonies ta...
8: ...eror Constantine]] officially recognized Christianity he started construction in [[324]] of a great ba...
10: ... should be rebuilt. [[Pope Nicholas V]] asked architect [[Bernardo Rossellino]] to start adding to the...
12: ...he church. [[Carlo Maderno]] became the chief architect later on, and designed the entrance. - List of painters (54090 bytes)
10: ...[[Michelangelo Buonarroti]], ([[1475]]-[[1564]]), Italian [[sculptor]] and [[painter]]
11: *[[Leonardo da Vinci]], ([[1452]]-[[1519]]), Italian painter, sculptor and inventor
15: ...llo Santi|Raphael]], ([[1483]]-[[1520]]), [[Italy|Italian]] [[painter]]
71: *[[Frank Auerbach]] ([[1931]]-)
90: *[[Edward Mitchell Bannister]] ([[1828]]-[[1901]]) - Timeline of microscope technology (1673 bytes)
5: ...his son [[Zacharias Janssen]], claimed by later writers ([[Pierre Borel]] 1620 - 1671 or 1628 - 1689 a...
6: ...evelops an ''occhiolino'' or compound microscope with a convex and a concave lens.
8: ...) presents, in [[London]], a compound microscope with two convex lenses.
11: ...inceans coins the word ''microscope'' by analogy with ''telescope''.
14: * [[1931]] - [[Ernst Ruska]] builds the first [[electron m... - List of inventors (14020 bytes)
15: *[[Joseph Aspdin]], British inventor of cement in 1824
22: ... - (1938-) U.S. solar inventor and developer; architectural designer.
28: ...Emile Berliner]], (1851-1929) [[Germany]] and [[United States|USA]] — [[gramophone]]
31: *[[Bi Sheng]] — primitive movable [[printing]] types
40: ...her von Braun]], (1912-1977), [[Germany]] and [[United States|USA]] — [[rocket]] technology - Thomas Edison (20653 bytes)
3: ...47]] – [[October 18]], [[1931]]) was an [[United States|American]] [[inventor]] and [[businessma...
5: ...s worldwide, including the [[United States]], [[United Kingdom]], [[France]], and [[Germany]]. Edison ...
10: ...itish government gave those who had been loyal to it. In 1811, three generations of Edison's took up f...
14: ...m. Sam's family joined him and in [[1847]] grew with the birth of their seventh child, [[Thomas Alva ...
16: ...art in his schooling due to childhood illnesses. It was a late start and a poor start. His mind ofte... - Cell (biology) (28190 bytes)
1: [[Image:Epithelial-cells.jpg|right|thumb|160px|Cells in cultur...
2: The '''cell''' is the structural and functional unit of all [[life|living]] [[organism]]s, sometimes c...
3: ...ssary for regulating cell functions and for transmitting information to the next generation of cells.
11: ... instructions for carrying out each of these activities.
13: All cells share several abilities: - World War II (58065 bytes)
2: ...in [[World War I]] were involved in World War II. It was the most extensive and expensive armed confli...
4: ...[[Second Sino-Japanese War]]), or earlier yet the 1931 Japanese invasion of [[Manchuria]]. Still others ...
6: ... it continued in China. In Europe, the war ended with the surrender of Germany on [[8 May]] [[1945]] (...
8: ...ments in [[Pingfan]]. As a case of [[total war]], it involved the "[[home front]]" and [[Strategic bom...
10: ... led to its democratization, and China came to split into the Communist [[People's Republic of China]]... - Timeline of United States history (1930-1949) (8681 bytes)
1: This section of the [[Timeline of United States history]] concerns events from '''[[1930...
3: ... an iconic image of the Great Depression in the United States]]
6: *[[1931]] - [[Empire State Building]] opens
7: *[[1931]] - [[Japan]] invades [[Manchuria]]
14: ...- [[Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution|20th Amendment]] - History of the United States (1918-1945) (54688 bytes)
7: ...wever agriculture became increasingly mechanized with widespread use of the [[tractor]], so fewer farm...
9: ...he U.S. toooo join the new [[League of Nations]] without success, as the mood of the nation rejected W...
14: ...publican Party]] returned to the [[White House]] with the election of [[Warren G. Harding]], who promi...
16: .... The boom was reflected by the extension of credit to a dangerous degree, including in the [[Stock M...
18: [[Jazz]] music became widely popular with the young (and was widely reviled as unmusical n... - January 17 (12233 bytes)
6: ...[Vote of No Address]], breaking off negotiations with [[Charles I of England|King Charles I]] and ther...
7: ...ful campaign to recover the throne for the [[Jacobite]] dynasty.
9: ...nder Brigadier General [[Daniel Morgan]] defeat British forces under Lieutenant Colonel [[Banastre Tar...
11: * [[1852]] - [[United Kingdom]] recognizes the independence of the [[...
12: ...] - [[First Battle of the Stronghold]] in the [[United States|US]] [[Modoc War]]. - January 1 (18244 bytes)
1: ...anuary 1 was called ''New Year's Day'', and was, with [[Christmas]] and occasionally [[Twelfth Night (...
7: *[[404]] - Last known [[gladiator]] competition in [[Rome]] takes place.
16: *[[1788]] - First edition of ''[[The Times]]'' of [[London]], previously...
17: ...[1797]] - Albany replaces New York City as the capital on New York.
18: ...d [[Kingdom of Ireland]] is completed to form [[United Kingdom]] - January 2 (10888 bytes)
9: *[[1757]] - The [[United Kingdom]] captures [[Kolkata|Calcutta]], [[Indi...
10: ...United States]] [[United States Constitution|Constitution]].
11: *[[1793]] - [[Russia]] and [[Prussia]] partition [[Poland]].
13: *[[1818]] - British [[Institution of Civil Engineers]] formed
20: *[[1882]] - [[John D. Rockefeller]] unites his oil holdings into the [[Standard Oil]] [[tr... - Skyscraper (12706 bytes)
3: ...se'' is also used to describe tall buildings, but it tends to be applied specifically to residential b...
5: ...ntury]], buildings of over six stories were rare. It was impractical to have people walk up so many fl...
9: ...the Field's building. Another contender for the title is the 1892 ten-story [[Wainwright Building]] b...
11: ... hang off this frame like curtains--hence the architectural term curtain wall for tall systems of glas...
13: ...rankfurtMain.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Frankfurt with its skyscrapers]] - Flood (7770 bytes)
5: ...to absorb water. When a [[rain]]fall does occur, it can sometimes result in a sudden flood of water f...
7: ... by dikes and by [[dam]]s, also prevents the deposition of silt on the rich farmlands and can result i...
12: ...itation (meteorology)|precipitation]] associated with hurricanes. The eye of a hurricane has extremely...
14: Under some rare conditions associated with [[heat wave]]s, [[flash flood]]s from quickly me...
21: ...oastal flooding has been addressed in [[Europe]] with [[coastal defense]]s, such as [[sea wall]]s and ... - Charles de Gaulle (41586 bytes)
7: ...lign="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:DeGaullePortrait.jpg|180px]]
40: ...Gaulle''''', was a [[Military of France|French military]] leader and statesman. ({{audio|fr-Charles_de...
42: ...ch left a major influence in subsequent French politics.
47: ...uring the [[Dreyfus affair]] the family distanced itself from the more conservative natonalist circles...
49: ==1912–1940: Military career== - Bilby (4570 bytes)
16: ...ns endangered. The bilby is known as the '''dalgite''' in [[Western Australia]] and the '''pinkie'''...
18: ...sects and their larvae, seeds, spiders, bulbs, fruit, fungi and very small animals. Most food is found...
20: ... bilby typically makes a number of burrows within its home range, up to about a dozen, and moves betwe...
22: ...Bilby has strong forelimbs and thick claws, which it uses to dig for food and make burrows. Once wides...
24: ...gy)|rabbit]]s. The last confirmed sighting was in 1931. - Tsunami (29462 bytes)
2: ...ide]]s, [[volcanic eruption]]s and large [[meteorite impact]]s all have the potential to generate a t...
4: ...eep [[ocean]]; it simply has a much smaller [[amplitude]] (wave heights) offshore, and a very long [[w...
6: ...ed to tides the term is considered misleading and its usage is discouraged by [[oceanographer|oceanogr...
10: ...ami by itself may trigger an undersea landslide quite capable of generating a tsunami.
16: ...oves under the influence of [[gravity]] to regain its equilibrium and radiates across the ocean like r... - World Series (40101 bytes)
1: ... York Yankees have the most World Series titles, with 26 championships.
5: ...]], the team given the home-field advantage was switched every year between the American League and th...
7: ...ams which did not qualify for the playoffs, the criteria for the latter changing at various times. Pr...
9: ...es have been made by other leagues. Attempts to pit the [[North America]]n champions against champion...
11: ...se the ''[[New York World]]'' newspaper sponsored it. Baseball researcher [[Doug Pappas]] refutes tha... - Chicago Cubs (25972 bytes)
5: ...ger [[Frank Selee]] arrived and rebuilt the club with young, inexperienced players. The ''[[Chicago T...
9: :'''Wild Card titles won''' (1): [[1998]]
10: :'''Division titles won''' (3): [[1984]], [[1989]], [[2003]]
17: ===White Stockings===
18: ...olors, and it happens that the Chicagos adopted white as their primary color. After a summer of indivi... - Chicago White Sox (19057 bytes)
1: {{MLB White Sox franchise}}
3: The '''Chicago White Sox''' are a [[Major League Baseball]] team base...
5: ...unded:'' [[1893 in sports|1893]], as the [[Sioux City, Iowa]] franchise in the minor [[Western League ...
6: ...St. Paul, 1895-1899. "White Sox" is short for "White Stockings".
8: :''Uniform colors:'' black, white and gray - Cincinnati Reds (19835 bytes)
8: :'''Uniform colors:''' Red and white, trim Black
9: :'''Logo design:''' a red "C" with the word "REDS" inside
10: :'''Wild Card titles won''' (0): ''none''
11: :'''Division titles won''' (9): [[1970]], [[1972]], [[1973]], [[19...
12: :'''Other titles won''' (1): Had baseball's best overall record... - Los Angeles Dodgers (23879 bytes)
7: ...Wilbert Robinson, manager from [[1914]] through [[1931]]) and the ''[[Trolley dodger|Trolley Dodgers]]''...
9: :'''Uniform colors:''' "Dodger blue" and White; some Red
11: :'''Wild Card titles won''' (1): [[1996]]
12: :'''Division titles won''' (10): [[1974]], [[1977]], [[1978]], [[1...
23: ...ey were usually known as the Bridegrooms). Upon switching to the [[National League]] in [[1890]], the ... - Oakland Athletics (34248 bytes)
5: ...came the [[American League]]. Moved to [[Kansas City, Missouri]] in [[1955]] and to Oakland in [[1968...
6: ...iladelphia Athletics ([[1901]]-[[1954]]), Kansas City Athletics ([[1955]]-[[1967]])
8: ..., Gold and White; 1963-Present: Green, Gold and White
10: :'''Wild Card titles won''' (1): [[2001]]
11: :'''Division titles won''' (13): [[1971]], [[1972]], [[1973]], [[1... - St. Louis Cardinals (18903 bytes)
9: ...m]] (II) ([[1966]]-[[2005]]), Busch Stadum (III) with [[BP Village]] -(Also to be known as "Busch Stad...
10: :'''Uniform colors:''' Cardinal red, White, and Navy blue
13: :'''Wild Card titles won''' (1): [[2001]]*
14: :'''Division titles won''' (7): [[1982]], [[1985]], [[1987]], [[19...
16: ...ants won''' (16): [[1926]], [[1928]], [[1930]], [[1931]], [[1934]], [[1942]], [[1943]], [[1944]], [[1946... - Albert Einstein (43065 bytes)
3: ...0th century]]. He proposed the [[theory of relativity]] and also made major contributions to the devel...
5: ... has become a byword for great [[intelligence (trait)|intelligence]] or even [[genius]].
7: ...phy. To this day Einstein receives popular recognition unprecedented for a scientist.
12: ...nstein before the Einsteins moved from Germany to Italy.]]
16: ...ent is that he had [[Asperger's syndrome]], a condition related to [[autism]]. - Henry Ford (16324 bytes)
2: ...nly revolutionized industrial production in the United States and the rest of the world, but also had ...
6: ...sperous farm in Springwells Township (now in the city of [[Dearborn, Michigan]]) owned by his parents,...
8: ... James F. Flower & Bros., and later with the Detroit Dry Dock Co. In [[1882]], he returned to Dearbor...
10: ...ngines. These experiments culminated in [[1896]] with the completion of his own self-propelled vehicle...
12: ... Winton]], a well-known driver and the heavy favorite on October 10, 1901. Ford was forced out of the ... - Philo Farnsworth (6489 bytes)
1: ...[[United States|American]] [[inventor]] credited with the invention of the [[cathode ray tube]] [[tele...
5: ...ics]] after his first [[telephone]] conversation with an out-of-state relative and the discovery of a ...
7: ...h. A local [[philanthropist]] managing a [[community chest]] agreed to fund Farnsworth's early [[tele...
9: ... a partnetship with George Everson in Salt Lake City to develop Farnsworth's television ideas. He ma...
11: ..., Philco was persuaded to sever its relationship with Farnsworth in 1934. - List of sculptors (9151 bytes)
34: *[[Karl Bitter]] (1867 - 1915)
103: *[[Daniel Chester French]] (1850 - 1931)
110: *[[Vincenzo Gemito]] (1852 - 1929)
111: *[[Tommaso Geraci]] (1931 - )
166: ...talie Krol]] [http://www.nataliekrol.com Gallery Site] - Atom (12300 bytes)
7: ...d) and<br>two neutrons (green) and with a probability<br>cloud (gray) of two electrons (yellow).
40: * [[proton]]s, which have a [[positive]] [[electric charge|charge]]; and
45: ...as the number of protons does not change. Atoms with different numbers of neutrons (but the same numb...
50: Because of their ubiquitous nature, atoms have been an important field of ...
55: ...ry]] is a [[theory]] of the nature of [[matter]]. It states that all matter is composed of atoms. - Electron microscope (5936 bytes)
2: ...microscope]] that can magnify very small details with high [[resolving power]] due to the use of [[ele...
5: The first electron microscope was built in [[1931]] by [[Ernst Ruska]] and [[Max Knoll]] at the [[B...
6: It was greatly developed through the [[1950s]] and h...
7: ...h smaller [[wavelength]] (see [[wave-particle duality]]), which allows a higher [[resolution]] - the m...
11: ...es until they hit photographic plate or light sensitive sensors - which transfer the image to a comput... - Lyndon B. Johnson (32801 bytes)
2: | nationality=american
13: | place of death=[[Johnson City, Texas]]
16: | party=[[United States Democratic Party|Democrat]]
19: ...d later ascended to the 36th [[President of the United States|presidency]] ([[1963]]–[[1969]]) a...
22: ...hool|public schools]] and graduated from Johnson City High School in [[1924]]. - Herbert Hoover (27123 bytes)
2: | nationality=american
13: | place of death=[[New York City]], [[New York]]
15: | party=[[United States Republican Party|Republican]]
19: ...at, he was a successful [[mining engineer]], humanitarian, and administrator. He had the longest reti...
23: ...ndly at the bottom." The future president lived with his uncle in [[Newberg, Oregon]] for several yea... - Warren G. Harding (30163 bytes)
2: | nationality=american
18: ... flair for [[public speaking]] before entering politics, first in the [[Ohio Senate]] ([[1899]]–...
20: ...ng. He was succeeded by [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]] [[Calvin Coolidge]].
25: ...th those who controlled most of Marion's local politics. When Harding moved to unseat the ''Marion Ind...
27: ...ting" (Harding's term for informal conversation) with his friends over games of [[poker]]. - Adolf Hitler (51456 bytes)
2: subject_name = Adolf Hitler |
3: image_name = Adolf_Hitler.jpg |
11: '''Adolf Hitler''' ([[April 20]], [[1889]]–[[April 30]],...
13: ...al policy of Nazi Germany|racial policies]] that Hitler directed culminated in the systematic extermin...
15: .... In the final days of the war, [[Hitler's death|Hitler died]] by [[suicide]] in a [[Berlin]] [[F?unke... - March 17 (9666 bytes)
6: ...ar]] defeats the [[Pompey|Pompeian]] forces of [[Titus Labienus]] and [[Gnaeus Pompeius|Pompey the You...
9: ...[St. Patrick's Day]] is celebrated in [[New York City]] for the first time (at the Crown and Thistle T...
10: ...ashington]] places [[artillery]] overlooking the city.
11: ...ingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)|Kingdom of Italy]], with Napoleon as King.
13: *[[1861]] - The Kingdom of [[Italy]] is proclaimed. - March 20 (10075 bytes)
9: ...]] occupies [[Delhi]] in [[India]] and sacks the city, stealing the jewels of the [[Peacock Throne]]. ...
11: ...]] enters [[Paris]] after escaping from [[Elba]] with a regular army of 140,000 and a volunteer force ...
15: ...[[1899]] – At [[Sing Sing Correctional Facility|Sing Sing]] prison, [[Martha M. Place]] becomes ...
19: ...lbert Einstein]] publishes his [[theory of relativity]].
20: ...SS ''Langley'']] is commissioned as the first [[United States Navy]] [[aircraft carrier]]. - March 22 (9294 bytes)
6: ...ymouth Colony]] sign a peace treaty with [[Massasoit]] of the [[Wampanoag]]s.
10: *[[1765]] - The [[British Parliament]] passes the [[Stamp Act 1765|Stamp...
17: ...rld War II]]: [[Germany]] takes [[Memel]] from [[Lithuania]].
18: ...[[Grand Coulee Dam]] begins to generate [[electricity]].
19: *[[1942]] - [[World War II]]: In the [[Mediterranean sea]], [[Regia Marina]] defeats [[Royal N... - March 23 (10340 bytes)
10: ...1801]] - [[Tsar]] [[Paul I of Russia]] is struck with a sword, then [[strangle]]d, and finally trample...
14: ...vator]] is installed at 488 Broadway, [[New York City]].
15: *[[1868]] - The [[University of California]] is founded in [[Oakland, Califor...
16: ...t]] [[Benjamin Harrison]] opens [[Oklahoma]] to white settlement starting on [[April 22]].
19: ...]. The trip is sponsored by the [[Smithsonian Institution]] and [[National Geographic Society]]. - Springfield, Illinois (6768 bytes)
1: {{Template:US City infobox|
2: city = Springfield |
16: city pop = 111,454|
18: density = 796.9|
25: ...rst time in [[1839]]. As of the [[2000]] census, its population is 111,454. - Columbus, Ohio (27104 bytes)
2: ...tate|state]] of [[Ohio]] in the [[United States|United States of America]].
4: ... and Marion), Columbus ranks 24th in the country with 1.84M, behind #19 Cincinnati (2.05M) and #14 Cle...
6: ...t]] of [[Franklin County, Ohio|Franklin County]]. It also extends into [[Delaware County, Ohio|Delawar...
11: {{Template:US City infobox|
12: city = Columbus | - List of mathematicians (37424 bytes)
1: ...glish language|English]] [[alphabet]]ical [[transliteration]] order (by [[surname]]).
12: ...[[Ralph Abraham|Ralph H. Abraham]] (USA, [[University of California, Santa Cruz]])
14: *[[John Couch Adams]] (United Kingdom, [[1819]] - [[1892]])
16: *[[Maria Gaetana Agnesi]] (Italy, [[1718]] - [[1799]])
23: *[[Giacomo Albanese]] (Italy, Brazil) - List of astronomers (40322 bytes)
8: *[[Marc Aaronson]] ([[United States|USA]], [[1950]] – [[1987]])
9: *[[George Ogden Abell]] ([[United States|USA]], [[1927]] – [[1983]])
10: *[[Antonio Abetti]] ([[Italy]], [[1846]] – [[1928]])
11: *[[Georgio Abetti]] ([[Italy]], [[1882]] – [[1982]])
12: *[[Charles Greeley Abbot]] ([[United States|USA]], [[1872]] – [[1973]]) - American comic book (14771 bytes)
5: ...al about them, because of their huge range in quality, subject matter and audience through the past. ...
8: The first comic book published in the United States is thought to be [[The Adventures of Oba...
15: ...[Tintin]] au Congo" had already been published in 1931.
17: ...acters and stories. The company followed this up with ''[[Detective Comics]]''. Both series were heav...
19: ...mpanies were publishing large lines of superhero titles, and Superman has gone on to become one of the... - Mahatma Gandhi (35350 bytes)
13: ...dia|India's]] independence from [[British India|British colonial rule]] to world attention. His philo...
15: ...His auto-biography, "The story of my experiments with truth" reveals his inner persona and reflections...
18: ...e, a Hindu of the [[Vaishnava]] sect. Growing up with a devout Vaishnava mother and surrounded by the ...
20: ...appy at Samaldas College, he leapt at the opportunity to study in England, which he viewed as "a land ...
23: ...n to read works of and about Hinduism, [[Christianity]], and other religions. - List of philosophers (79981 bytes)
6: *[[Firmin Abauzit]], (1679-1767)
43: *[[Rogers Albritton]]
112: *[[Titus Pomponius Atticus]], (110-32 BC)
163: *[[James Beattie (writer)|James Beattie]], (1735-1803){{fn|C}}{{fn|R}}
239: *[[Richard-Bevan Braithwaite]], (1900-1990){{fn|O}} - July 24 (8660 bytes)
1: ...r]]s) of the year in the [[Gregorian Calendar]], with 160 days remaining.
6: *[[1701]] - [[Detroit, Michigan]] founded.
7: ... toward [[Niagara]] to halt [[Jacob Brown]]'s [[United States|American]] invaders.
9: ...y, resulting in the establishment of [[Salt Lake City]].
10: ... [[Jubal Anderson Early|Jubal Early]] defeats [[United States|Union]] troops led by General [[George C... - List of male tennis players (14849 bytes)
5: ...1970]]-) - ([[:Category:American tennis players|United States]])
7: *[[Fred Alexander]] ([[1880]]-[[1969]]) (United States)
9: *[[Wilmer Allison, Jr.]] ([[1904]]-[[1977]]) (United States)
13: *[[Vijay Amritraj]] ([[1953]]-) - ([[:Category:Indian tennis pla...
15: *[[Paul Annacone]] ([[1963]]-) - (United States) - Causes of the Great Depression (21364 bytes)
1: ... Depression, many formulated in the decades since its occurance.
3: ...in the fundamental production relationships of capitalism, and heterodox theories, which argue that th...
5: ...y some of these theories failed so badly to cope with the economic stresses of the time.
10: ===Credit Disruption Theories===
12: ...the ability of the banking system to allocate credit, and that the result was a sharp contraction in t... - New Deal (82408 bytes)
2: ...ission]], as well as the [[Tennessee Valley Authority|TVA]].
7: ...led them "appropriate responses to the critical situation."<ref>Parker 2002, Friedman, ''Two Lucky Pe...
9: ...lated bubble.) It involved "pump priming" ([[deficit spending]]), dropping the [[gold standard]], effo...
11: ...wingnews.com/interviews/friedman.php ''Interview with John Hawkins''. Right Wing News.]</ref>
13: ... labor unions, European and African-American minorities (now called "ethnics"), some farm groups, and ... - Guitar (36953 bytes)
1: ...mage:guitar.png|thumb|160px|right|The classical guitar typically has 3 [[nylon]] and 3 [[nickel]]-woun...
2: ...Image:guitar.jpg|thumb|160px|right|The acoustic guitar features [[steel]] strings and more guide dots ...
4: ...[[fingerpicking|fingers]], or a [[plectrum]] ([[guitar pick]]). The sound is produced by [[vibrating s...
6: ...low in acoustic guitars, solid in most electric guitars) and a '''neck'''. Typically, a '''headstock''...
8: ...r|acoustic]], [[electric guitar|electric]] (i.e. with electrical amplification) or both. - List of Governors of Wisconsin (3807 bytes)
5: ... bgcolor=#DDEEFF><td>1<td>[[Nelson Dewey]]<td>[[United States Democratic Party|Democrat]]<td>1848 - 18...
6: ...or=#FFFFCC><td>2<td>[[Leonard J. Farwell]]<td>[[United States Whig Party|Whig]]<td>1852 - 1854
9: ...gcolor=#FFE8E8><td>5<td>[[Coles Bashford]]<td>[[United States Republican Party|Republican]]<td>1856 - ...
18: <tr bgcolor=#FFE8E8><td>14<td>[[William E. Smith]]<td>Republican<td>1878 - 1882
30: ...[[Walter J. Kohler, Sr.]]<td>Republican<td>1929 - 1931 - The Star-Spangled Banner (15265 bytes)
1: ...natory note explaining the circumstances of its writing. Of the five copies made, two are known to sti...
4: ...The Star-Spangled Banner" was the first printed edition to combine the words and [[sheet music]]. Copi...
6: ...ates|Congressional]] resolution on [[March 3]], [[1931]].
9: ... Skinner showed them letters written by wounded British prisoners praising Beanes and other Americans ...
11: ...erican History]], a part of the [[Smithsonian Institution]]. - Indus Valley Civilization (23571 bytes)
2: ...s Valley''', in reference to its first excavated city of [[Harappa]].
7: ...mid [[2nd millennium BC]] and was forgotten until its rediscovery in the [[1920s]].
9: To date, over 1,052 cities and settlements have been found, mainly in the...
11: ...cient towns and cities have been discovered along its course.
13: ...Ganweriwala]], [[Lothal]], and [[Rakhigarhi]]. At its peak, the Indus Civilization may have had a popu... - Knights Hospitaller (26158 bytes)
1: ...''' (see below) is the main successor to this tradition.
5: ...s traveling to visit the birthplace of [[Jesus]]. It was served by [[Benedictine]] Brothers.
7: ... the group just cared for those pilgrims who made it to Jerusalem but the order soon extended into pro...
9: ...ses of power in the Kingdom and in the [[Principality of Antioch]], were [[Krak des Chevaliers]], and ...
11: [[Image:knights_hospitaller.JPG|framed|right]] - History of Germany (53864 bytes)
3: ... exerted influence upon Western civilization from its very beginnings.
5: ... medieval empire. By the same reasoning, [[Adolf Hitler]] referred to [[Nazi Germany]] (1933–194...
7: ...e begins with the Roman-Germanic period and ends with the Unification of the two Germanys in [[1990]]....
12: ...lius Tacitus.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Gaius Cornelius Tacitus]], author of ''Germania'', a descriptive work a...
13: ...Germanic peoples thrust into [[Celts|Celtic]] territory from [[Schleswig-Holstein]], advancing to the ... - Cell (29541 bytes)
1: [[Image:Epithelial-cells.jpg|right|thumb|160px|Cells in cultur...
2: The '''cell''' is the structural and functional unit of all [[life|living]] [[organism]]s, sometimes c...
3: ...ssary for regulating cell functions and for transmitting information to the next generation of cells.
11: ... instructions for carrying out each of these activities.
13: All cells share several abilities: - Christmas (35108 bytes)
1: {{christianity}}
2: ...stians focused more on Epiphany, when the Magi visited baby Jesus. The exact date of his birth was det...
4: ...ature and media, local and regional Christmas traditions remain diverse and vibrant.
7: ...l3.jpg|thumb|right|350px [[Joseph]] and [[Mary]] with baby [[Jesus]], at "the first Christmas"]]
10: ...ding no room in inns in the town, they set up primitive lodgings in a stable. There Mary gave birth t...
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